Language PolicyCambridge University Press, 2003年12月11日 Language policy is an issue of critical importance in the world today. In this introduction, Bernard Spolsky explores many debates at the forefront of language policy: ideas of correctness and bad language; bilingualism and multilingualism; language death and efforts to preserve endangered languages; language choice as a human and civil right; and language education policy. Through looking at the language practices, beliefs and management of social groups from families to supra-national organizations, he develops a theory of modern national language policy and the major forces controlling it, such as the demands for efficient communication, the pressure for national identity, the attractions of (and resistance to) English as a global language, and the growing concern for human and civil rights as they impinge on language. Two central questions asked in this wide-ranging survey are of how to recognize language policies, and whether or not language can be managed at all. |
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... of all radio announcers, teachers andcivil servants (The Straits Times, Singapore,November 17,2000). InAugust 2002, the TurkishParliament, applying for admission tothe European Community, had passed laws abolishing the death penalty and.
... of all radio announcers, teachers andcivil servants (The Straits Times, Singapore,November 17,2000). InAugust 2002, the TurkishParliament, applying for admission tothe European Community, had passed laws abolishing the death penalty and.
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... tothe web; these include aplatform called Prolyphicto make web translation faster (Business Wire, July 10, 2001) anda website platform originally in French and already available in Englishthat is now planningtoadd capacity in German ...
... tothe web; these include aplatform called Prolyphicto make web translation faster (Business Wire, July 10, 2001) anda website platform originally in French and already available in Englishthat is now planningtoadd capacity in German ...
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... tothe Canadiancity of Montreal in the early1960s may have been puzzled by the apparent imbalance between the ... to the villageby young men after workin distant plantations.In adultlanguage practice, Kulickdiscovered, only TokPisinwas ...
... tothe Canadiancity of Montreal in the early1960s may have been puzzled by the apparent imbalance between the ... to the villageby young men after workin distant plantations.In adultlanguage practice, Kulickdiscovered, only TokPisinwas ...
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... tothe appropriateusesfor a named variety oflanguage. Corpus planning refers to thechoices tobe madeof specific ... to the formulation and proclamationof an explicit plan or policy,usually but not necessarily writtenina formal document ...
... tothe appropriateusesfor a named variety oflanguage. Corpus planning refers to thechoices tobe madeof specific ... to the formulation and proclamationof an explicit plan or policy,usually but not necessarily writtenina formal document ...
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... to the process ofcorrecting ortrying to correct language usage is a widespread belief thatparents or other caretakers havea ... tothe teacher–learner situation, notjustto deal with current misunderstanding butalso to preventfuture ...
... to the process ofcorrecting ortrying to correct language usage is a widespread belief thatparents or other caretakers havea ... tothe teacher–learner situation, notjustto deal with current misunderstanding butalso to preventfuture ...
內容
Pursuing | |
The nature of language policy and its domains | |
Two monolingual politiesIceland andFrance 6 How English spread 7 Does the US have a language policy or just civil rights? | |
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常見字詞
Académie française Africa Afrikaans andthe Arabic associated asthe Basque beliefs bilingual education Bilingual Education Act bythe Catalan central century colonial language complex Constitution continued countries cultural dialects diglossia dominant economic efforts endangered languages English Englishspeaking established ethnic European Fishman foreign languages France French language fromthe German globalization groups Hebrew Hindi human rights ideology immigrants implementation independence indigenous languages instruction inthe language management language planning language policy language practices language rights languageof Latvia linguistic minorities linguistic rights literacy major Māori Māori Language minority languages monolingual mother tongue multilingual national language Navajo nineteenth official language oflanguage ofthe onthe percent plurilingual political population proficiency programs Quechua recognition recognized regional languages religious Republic reversing language shift Russian schools social sociolinguistic Soviet Spanish speak speakers spoken Spolsky standard status teaching thatthe thelanguage thereis tobe tothe United varieties vernacular withthe writing system Yiddish