and Christopher Hanworth or either of them respectively shall have hold take and enjoy during the said term of fourteen years such the same and the like powers privileges profits interests and advantages whatsoever in and by all things touching or concerning the said Company and saltworks erected or to be erected as aforesaid in as ample a manner and form to all intents and purposes as the said Nicholas Murford and Christopher Hanworth or either of them are herein limited to have hold and enjoy [&c.] by virtue of this our present grant or otherwise howsoever :

And when and so soon as the said fourteen years shall be ended, our will and pleasure is that the said Wardens shall be yearly elected and chosen by the [Society] for the time being or [the majority of them as hereinbefore limited], And that from and after the said term of fourteen years shall be ended the said [Society &c. as aforesaid] shall and may at their free will and pleasures admit such and so many fit and discreet persons to be freemen and adventurers into the said Society and to be of the Commonalty thereof as shall desire to be admitted into the same, paying only for their admittance to the use of the said Society a reasonable fine for every such admittance, Anything in these presents to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding:

And forasmuch as the said Nicholas Murford and Christopher Hanworth have been the inventors and perfectors of the said works and have undergone exceeding great charges and burthens therein, We, minding that they should receive a full recompense and compensation for their said invention and undertaking, do for Us our heirs and successors by these presents will ordain declare and appoint and do hereby straitly charge and command as well the said [Society &c.] and every person and member of the said Society as also all and every other person or persons of what condition soever, That they nor any of them during the said term of fourteen years by our said Letters Patents of privilege to the said [Murford and Hanworth &c.] so granted as aforesaid do or shall hereafter erect make set up compose frame enlarge use or continue any saltpans ground pans or sunpans channels cisterns sluices water engines or saltworks in any part or parts within [England Ireland and Wales] after the way manner and invention of making salt or any part of the said invention so found out discovered perfected and practised by the said Nicholas Murford and Christopher Hanworth, nor from henceforth, to avoid all pretence or challenge unto any part of the said invention, do or shall make or compose any manner of groundpans sunpans frostpans or channels whatsoever for the fining separating working or evaporating seawater to make thereof any brine or salt without fuel, without the consent licence and allowance of the said

Nicholas Murford and Christopher Hanworth now Wardens their executors administrators or assigns for and during the residue of the said term of fourteen years, upon pain of our high indignation and to have also the said works to be demolished and pulled down and utterly defaced and to be further proceeded against according to the laws and statutes of our said Realms or otherwise for their contempt of our royal commandment in the premises:

And We do further for Us our heirs and successors will ordain declare and appoint that such person or persons as are or shall become members or freemen of the said Society, and upon composition or agreement first made or to be made within the said term of fourteen years with the said. Nicholas Murford and Christopher Hanworth their or either of their executors administrators or assigns shall be by them or any of them during the said fourteen years licensed and allowed to erect any work or works for the making of salt according to the said way and invention or any part thereof as aforesaid, And after such licence and allowance shall not pay and satisfy such fine or fines sum or sums of money so compounded for or agreed upon and according to such composition and agreement, That then and in such case such person or persons shall be from thenceforth utterly disabled to use and practise the said way of saltmaking or to have any privilege or benefit of or by the said Corporation or of or by being a member thereof, but shall be from thenceforth disfranchised and deprived of all such authority power or privilege as aforesaid:

And further for the better establishing and settling of the said Corporation and the said saltworks according to the way and invention aforesaid, We are pleased and do hereby for Us our heirs and successors will and declare our pleasure to be that at all or any time or times hereafter upon the humble petition of the said [Society] for the time being, And upon the Certificate of our Attorney General for the time being of any defect in these presents, We will be pleased by other Letters Patents or by any other lawful ways or means to grant and confirm unto them and their successors the licences powers privileges profits and all other the premises hereinbefore mentioned or intended, with such further enlargements as may be for the advantage and advancement of the said Society and the said works and invention and the better regulating ordering and governing of all and every such person and persons as are or shall be employed therein or shall oppose hinder or impugn the

same:

Yielding and paying unto Us our heirs and successors for and in consideration of all and singular the premises by Us so granted as aforesaid, And the said [Society] aforesaid for themselves and their successors

and the said Nicholas Murford and Christopher Hanworth for themselves their heirs executors administrators and assigns respectively do covenant and grant to and with Us our heirs and successors by these presents in manner and form following, that is to say, that they the said [Society] and their successors after the end and determination of the residue of the said term of fourteen years, and the said [Murford and Hanworth &c.] during the residue of the said term of fourteen years, shall well and truly answer and pay to Us our heirs and successors to the hands of such person or persons as by Us our heirs or successors shall be authorised and appointed to receive the same, and in default of such appointment into the Receipt of Exchequer of Us our heirs and successors at Westminster, yearly and every year at the Feasts of St. Michael the Archangel and the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary or within forty days next after either of the said Feasts, for and upon every bushel of salt, accounting ten gallons of Winchester measure to the bushel, by them or any of them their agents workmen or assigns respectively made and to be made in the several ports of Barwick and Southampton and all and every the ports and places inclusively between the said ports of Barwick and Southampton, which they or any of them shall sell exchange barter dispose of or do away for home expenses three pence of lawful money of England, [and for every bushel so made and disposed of] to fishermen or for fishing uses and voyages one penny of like lawful money of England, the payment thereof to be accounted and to begin from the date hereof [&c.], And in the measuring of the said salt such course and manner shall be held as is or hath been most commonly used in those ports and places where the same salt shall be uttered or vended :

And also that they and every of them respectively shall and will well and truly pay to Us our heirs and successors in such manner as aforesaid for and upon every bushel of salt by them [their agents &c.] made and to be made in any other parts or places of our several Realms of England and Ireland or Dominion of Wales other than in the said several ports of Barwick and Southampton and the ports and places inclusively between them, which they or any of them shall sell exchange [&c.], such sum or allowance as shall be answered or paid unto Us our heirs and successors for and upon every bushel of salt made by any other person or persons whatsoever within those parts and places respectively, So as the said sum or allowance so to be made or answered unto Us [&c.] by any such person or persons do not exceed the sum of three pence of lawful money of England for and upon every bushel of salt so made and to be made which shall be sold exchanged [&c.] for home expenses, and to fishermen and for fishing uses and voyages one penny upon each bushel of like lawful money of England:

And moreover the [same covenantors as above] do further and respectively covenant [&c.] with Us our heirs and successors that they and every of them respectively shall and will cause and procure at the proper costs and charges of Us our heirs and successors all and every such person and persons as they the said [Society after the expiration of the said fourteen years, and the said Murford and Hanworth &c. during the residue of the term] shall admit and suffer to become interessed or an owner or adventurer in any saltwork to be made erected [&c. according to the said invention &c.], to enter into covenant and by deed or deeds to covenant or agree with Us our heirs and successors that he and they and his or their heirs executors administrators and assigns and every of them respectively shall and will well and truly answer and pay unto Us our heirs and successors the said several rates and allowances of three pence a bushel and a penny upon the bushel respectively as aforesaid and all such other duties payments and allowances as aforesaid according to the true intent and meaning of these presents for and upon every bushel of salt by them so made and to be made [disposed of &c. as aforesaid], And for the keeping and subscribing of books for the entering of all such salt as shall be made sold or disposed of in manner and form hereinafter mentioned according to the true intent and meaning of these presents:

Provided always and our intent and meaning is not that the said Incorporation or their successors or the said [Murford and Hanworth &c.] or any of them shall be liable unto or charged with the payment of the said several rates of three pence the bushel and a penny the bushel respectively and other the premises as aforesaid, save only for and upon such salt as they or any of them or any other for their use or uses respectively shall make or cause to be made in such saltwork or saltworks only where they or any of them respectively is or are interested in his or their own right and is or are the proper and respective owner or owners possessor or possessors thereof, Anything herein contained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding:

And to the end that the due and just accompt may from time to time be kept and made to Us our heirs and successors of the monies that shall arise and accrue to Us our heirs and successors by reason of the said allowances rates and payments to Us our heirs and successors to be made and yielded in manner and form aforesaid for all the salt [disposed of &c. as aforesaid], We will be pleased to assign and appoint some fit person or persons to be our Surveyor or Surveyors of all and every the said saltworks, which said Surveyor or Surveyors or his or their deputy or deputies lawfully deputed under his or their hands and seals is or are to be made privy and acquainted with all such salt and with the several

quantities of such salt as shall from time to time be made sold and disposed of, both for home expenses and also for fishermen and for fishing uses and voyages by the said Incorporation or by the said [Murford and Hanworth &c.] or by any other the person or persons aforesaid respectively:

And to that end and purpose that books shall be kept as well by the said Incorporation and other the person and persons aforesaid respectively as by the Surveyor or Surveyors to be by Us our heirs and successors so named and appointed as aforesaid or by his or their deputy or deputies, wherein shall be from time to time set down all such salt and the several quantities of all such salt particularly distinguished [&c. as above], which said books shall be mutually and interchangeably from time to time subscribed by the hands of the lawful deputies and assigns of the said Incorporation and by the hands of other the said person and persons aforesaid respectively and by the said Surveyor and Surveyors [or their deputies &c.] upon every three months' making selling or disposing of the said salt as aforesaid :

And they the said [parties as above] do covenant promise and grant to and with Us our heirs and successors by these presents that they and every of them respectively as aforesaid shall and will from time to time hereafter sell vent and utter the said salt by them made and to be made as aforesaid at moderate and reasonable rates and prices to the subjects of Us our heirs and successors:

Although express mention &c.

In witness whereof etc. witness our self at Westminster the xxv day of May

per breue de priuato sigillo.

LONDON SOAPMAKERS !

(Patent Rolls, 13 Car. I., pt. xxxix.)

CHARLES by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith &c. To all to whom these presents shall come, Greeting:

Whereas divers and sundry persons under no government have made bad and unserviceable soap without any lawful warrant and in secret and obscure places to the great deceit and damage of our loving subjects,

1 See Introduction, ante, pp. lxxv.-lxxviii., and Charter of Westminster Soapmakers, at p. 136.