 | F. A. Hayek - 1978 - 193 頁
...(Neuchatel, 1948), p. 49. See, however, HLA Hart, The Concept of Law (Oxford, 1961), p. 78: Under rules of one type, which may well be considered the basic or...or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish or not. Rules of the other type are in a sense parasitic or secondary on the first ; for they provide... | |
 | Niels Blokker - 1989 - 428 頁
...system is the union of primary rules and secondary rules. Primary rules are rules requiring human beings to do or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish to or not. Secondary rules are rules about primary rules; they "specify the ways in which the primary rules may... | |
 | Harold Dwight Lasswell, Myres Smith Macdougal - 1992 - 1642 頁
...conceived as a "union" or "combination" of "primary" and "secondary" rules.19 Under "primary" rules "human beings are required to do or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish to or not"; the "secondary" rules, "in a sense parasitic upon" the primary, "provide that human beings may by doing... | |
 | Bill E. Lawson - 1992 - 244 頁
...the union of primary and secondary rules. Primary rules of duty or obligation require human beings "to do or abstain from certain actions whether they wish to or not."35 Secondary rules of recognition, adjudication, and change "confer rule-related powers."36 They... | |
 | Ramses A. Wessel - 1999 - 408 頁
...nevertheless, guide human behaviour. These norms may be called power-conferring norms. In Hart's terms: "Under rules of the one type, which may well be considered...basic or primary type, human beings are required to do so or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish to or not. Rules of the other type are in a sense... | |
 | Jules L. Coleman - 1999 - 692 頁
...conditions we have listed as excusing conditions in another way. Besides the criminal law that requires men to do or abstain from certain actions whether they wish to or not, all legal systems contain rules of a different type that provide legal facilities whereby individuals... | |
 | Sandra L. Bunn Livingstone - 2002 - 372 頁
...Five, 'Law as the Union of Primary and Secondary Rules,' (Oxford, Clarendon: 1961) is: 'Under rules of one type, which may well be considered the basic or...required to do or abstain from certain actions... Rules of the other type are in a sense parasitic upon or secondary to the first; for they provide that... | |
 | Sandra L. Bunn-Livingstone - 2002 - 370 頁
...Five, 'Law as the Union of Primary and Secondary Rules,' (Oxford, Clarendon: 1961) is: 'Under rules of one type, which may well be considered the basic or...beings are required to do or abstain from certain actions...Rules of the other type are in a sense parasitic upon or secondary to the first; for they... | |
 | Rudiger Wolfrum, Volker Röben - 2005 - 656 頁
...certain 125 Hart called these first-level rules "primary rules" - those rules under which subjects "are required to do or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish to or not." Hart, Concept of Law, at 78-79. International Law as an Autopoietic System 381 actions.126 They may... | |
 | Knud Erik Jørgensen, Mark Pollack, Ben Rosamond - 2007 - 613 頁
...power-conferring norms and have proved to fulfil a key function in European law. In Hart's (1961: 81) terms, Under rules of the one type, which may well be considered...basic or primary type, human beings are required to do so or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish to or not. Rules of the other type are in a sense... | |
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... to do or abstain from certain actions, whether they wish to or not. Rules of the other type are in a sense parasitic upon or secondary to the first; for they provide that human beings may by doing or saying certain things introduce new rules of the... 