Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocides and Mass Murders Since 1917Transaction Publishers - 268 頁 While there are estimates of the number of people killed by Soviet authorities during particular episodes or campaigns, until now, no one has tried to calculate the complete human toll of Soviet genocides and mass murders since the revolution of 1917. Here, R. J. Rummel lists and analyzes hundreds of published estimates, presenting them in the historical context in which they occurred. His shocking conclusion is that, conservatively calculated, 61,911,000 people were systematically killed by the Communist regime from 1917 to 1987. Rummel divides the published estimates on which he bases his conclusions into eight historical periods, such as the Civil War, collectivization, and World War II. The estimates are further divided into agents of death, such as terrorism, deportations, and famine. Using statistical principles developed from more than 25 years of quantitative research on nations, he analyzes the estimates. In the collectivization period, for example, about 11,440,000 people were murdered. During World War II, while the Soviet Union had lost almost 20,000,000 in the war, the Party was killing even more of its citizens and foreigners-probably an additional 13,053,000. For each period, he defines, counts, and totals the sources of death. He shows that Soviet forced labor camps were the major engine of death, probably killing 39,464,000 prisoners overall. To give meaning and depth to these figures, Rummel compares them to the death toll from'major wars, world disasters, global genocide, deaths from cancer and other diseases, and the like. In these and other ways, Rummel goes well beyond the bare bones of statistical analysis and tries to provide understanding of this incredible toll of human lives. Why were these people killed? What was the political and social context? How can we understand it? These and other questions are addressed in a compelling historical narrative. This definitive book will be of interest to Soviet experts, those interested in the study of genocide and violence, peace researchers, and students of comparative politics and society. Written without jargon, its statistics are confined to appendixes, and the general reader can profitably read the book without losing the essence of the findings, which are selectively repeated in the narrative. |
搜尋書籍內容
第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 86 筆
... Stalin's Twilight Period , 1945-1953 151 168 191 Appendix 8.1 201 9 6,872,000 Victims : Post - Stalin.
... . Soviet Democide and Annual Rate by Period 169 Table 7A . 13,053,000 Victims during World War II Period : Sources , Calculations , and Estimates 171 Postwar and Stalin's Twilight Period 1945-1953 Figure 8.1 . Range viii Lethal Politics.
... Stalin Period 1954-1987 201 202 203 204 205 Figure 9.1 . Range in Post - Stalin Democide Estimates Table 9.1 . Post - Stalin Period 221 222 Figure 9.2 . Democide Components for All Periods 223 Table 9A . 6,872,000 Victims during the Post - ...
... Stalin years ( at least 20,000,000 killed ) ; and in his samizdat , translated into English , Soviet geophys- icist Josif Dyadkin did a demographic analysis of excess Soviet deaths from 1926 to 1954 and concluded that Soviet repression ...
... Stalin in 1931 . Replied Stalin , " the process would con- tinue as long as was necessary ” to estab- lish a communist society . Probably 61,911,000 people , 54,769,000 of them citizens , have been murdered by the Communist party - the ...
內容
1 49 | 68 |
1939June 1941 | 127 |
June 19411945 | 151 |
Period 19451953 | 191 |
and Definitions | 235 |
References | 245 |
Name Index | 259 |