Lethal Politics: Soviet Genocides and Mass Murders Since 1917Transaction Publishers - 268 頁 While there are estimates of the number of people killed by Soviet authorities during particular episodes or campaigns, until now, no one has tried to calculate the complete human toll of Soviet genocides and mass murders since the revolution of 1917. Here, R. J. Rummel lists and analyzes hundreds of published estimates, presenting them in the historical context in which they occurred. His shocking conclusion is that, conservatively calculated, 61,911,000 people were systematically killed by the Communist regime from 1917 to 1987. Rummel divides the published estimates on which he bases his conclusions into eight historical periods, such as the Civil War, collectivization, and World War II. The estimates are further divided into agents of death, such as terrorism, deportations, and famine. Using statistical principles developed from more than 25 years of quantitative research on nations, he analyzes the estimates. In the collectivization period, for example, about 11,440,000 people were murdered. During World War II, while the Soviet Union had lost almost 20,000,000 in the war, the Party was killing even more of its citizens and foreigners-probably an additional 13,053,000. For each period, he defines, counts, and totals the sources of death. He shows that Soviet forced labor camps were the major engine of death, probably killing 39,464,000 prisoners overall. To give meaning and depth to these figures, Rummel compares them to the death toll from'major wars, world disasters, global genocide, deaths from cancer and other diseases, and the like. In these and other ways, Rummel goes well beyond the bare bones of statistical analysis and tries to provide understanding of this incredible toll of human lives. Why were these people killed? What was the political and social context? How can we understand it? These and other questions are addressed in a compelling historical narrative. This definitive book will be of interest to Soviet experts, those interested in the study of genocide and violence, peace researchers, and students of comparative politics and society. Written without jargon, its statistics are confined to appendixes, and the general reader can profitably read the book without losing the essence of the findings, which are selectively repeated in the narrative. |
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Soviet Genocides and Mass Murders Since 1917 R. J. Rummel. Lethal Politics Lethal Politics Soviet Genocide and Mass Murder since 1917 R.J..
Soviet Genocides and Mass Murders Since 1917 R. J. Rummel. First paperback edition 1996 Copyright © 1990 by Transaction Publishers , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08903 . All rights reserved under International and Pan - American Copyright ...
Soviet Genocides and Mass Murders Since 1917 R. J. Rummel. Tables and Figures Overview and Totals 1917-1987 Figure 1.1 ... Murdered by His Own Government in Comparison to Some Other Risks 13 Table 1A . 61,911,000 Soviet Victims : Totals ...
... murdered by their own gov- ernments ; the citizens of totalitarian , especially Marxist systems , the most likely . The theory is that democratic systems provide a path to peace , and universalizing them would eliminate war and minimize ...
... murdered . For example , Dimitri Panin claims that 57,000,000 to 69,500,000 people were killed and says that ... murders from 1917 to recent years , I had to undertake at least an initial effort in this direction . At first , the result ...
內容
1 49 | 68 |
1939June 1941 | 127 |
June 19411945 | 151 |
Period 19451953 | 191 |
and Definitions | 235 |
References | 245 |
Name Index | 259 |