'Ali ibn 'Isă, 96, 99.

'Ali ibn Talha, 101.
'Ali, Sultan, 178.
Alikhanoff, 298.

Arsaces, Andragoras overthrown by,
II; Arsacidæ dynasty founded by,
12; Kabul partly possessed by
Arsacidæ, 19.

tây, 161.

Alp Arslan, 130.

Alptagin, 112.

Amir Abd ul-Ahad, 257.

Amir Bayazid Jala'ir, 167.

Askabad, 345-9.

208-10, 384 note.

Amir Husayn, 169.
Amir Kazghan, 165.

Amir Timur (see Timur Leng).

'Amr ibn Layth, Ya'kub succeeded
by, 105; career and death, 105,

Antiochus I. and II., II.

Astrakhan conquered by Russia, 236.
Astrakhan dynasty, 194-203.

Atsiz, revolt against Sanjar, 138, 139;
death, 140.

Ayaz Topchi-bāshi, 211, 213.

BABER (see Zahir ud-Din Bāber).
Bachas, definition, 369.
Bactria (district), ancient extent, 3;
conquered by Cyrus I., sovereignty
assumed by Bessus, 6; conquered
by Alexander the Great, 4-10;
Græco-Bactrian kingdom, founder
of, II; districts ceded to Parthia,
12; invasion by Sakas, 16, 18;
downfall, 18; Yué-Chi invasion,
19; partition among clans, 19;
Kushans expelled, 20; Ephthalite
settlement, 20; expedition of Bah-
ram Gür, 24; annexed by Persia, 30.
Bactria (town) (see Balkh).

Badakshan incorporated with Trans-
oxiana, 192.

Badghis, definition, 299 note.

Bahram 'Ali Khan, slain in battle
with Ma'sum, 206; Merv railway
station named after, 353.
Bahram Chūbin, 32.
Bahram Gür, 24.

Baigha, Bokhāran national game, 370.
Bakhdi (see Balkh).
Bäki Mohammad, 195.

Balāsāghūn, built by Būkū Khān,
116; capital chosen by Ye-liu Ta-
shi, 137.
Balash, 26.
Balkategin, 136.

Balkh (Bactria, Bakhdi), 3 note;
taken by Alexander the Great, 6;

included in Tokhāristān, 18; an-
nexed by Persians, 30; Islām intro-
duced into, 38; reduced by Rabi'
ibn Ziyad, 39; Kutayba's expedi-
tions to, 46, 57; coalition with
Nizek, 56; temporary Mohammedan
capital of Central Asia, 76; Sām-
ananatire of, 101; siege and capture
by Ismail, 110; centre of Moham-
medan learning, 131; defeat of
Sanjar, 141; Ala ud-Din master
of, 147; Chaghatay in possession of,
160.

Bamian, 19.

Barmecides, fall of, 95.
Barmek, 95 note.

Barthold, M., 150 note.

Batanieff, Major, mission to Bokhārā,
217.

Bātū Khan, 183, 233.

Bayan Kuli, 166.
Bayan Selduz, 166.
Bayazid Jala'ir Amir, 167.
Bayazid 1., Sultan of Turkey, 171.
Baykand (City of Merchants), identifi-
cation with Zariaspa, 8 note; im-
portance of, 50; partial conquest
by 'Ubaydullah ibn Ziyād, 39;
battle and siege of, 47-49; restora-
tion, 49.
Baysunkur, 178.

Begi Jan (see Shah Murad).
Bektuzun, 118.

Bi, definition, 204 note.

Bishkand, identified with Panjakand,
187 note.

Bellew, Dr., cited 41 note, passim.
Bendoe, 32.

Beni Rabi'a, 79.

Berkiyāruk, 133 note, 134, 144.
Bessus (Artaxerxes IV.), 5.
Bistām, 32.

Boghra Khan, brother and successor
of Arslan Khan, 120.
Boghra Khan, first Uighur Khan of
Turkestan, 117.
Bokhārā (Sherif or "the Noble"),
settlement of Bactrians in confines
of, 18; conquered by Arabs, 40,
41; king defeated by Habib, 44;
Kutayba's expeditions, 46-55; Is-
mail sent to and superseded by
Ishak, 106, 107; capital of Trans-
oxiana and Khwārazm, 109, 111;

centre of Mohammedan culture and
learning, 111; destroyed by Chingiz,
158; rising in, during reign of
Chaghatay, 161 note; loss of posi-
tion as capital, 189; sub-dynasty
abolished, 191; Astrakhan dynasty
in, 194-203; prosperity regained in,
195; Khivan revolt against, 197,
198; Mangit dynasty in, 204-21;
effect of Ma'sum's rule on, 208;
besieged by Nasrullah, 212; English
and Russian missions to, 217-18;
Russian conquest, 250-56; climate,
soil, and productions, 360 - 63;
varied character of population, 364-
367; women of, 368; customs and
amusements, 368-70; bazaar, 370;
public buildings, 373-77; coinage,
371; Islamic education, 374; gov-
ernment, 379-85; decline of slave-
market, 378; dialect, 180.
Bolars (Boyars), rise of, 230; influence
of, shaken off by Ivan IV., 236.
Bosphorus, Caucasian (Straits of
Yenekale), 13.

Bretschneider, cited 139 note.
Browne, E. G., cited 133 note.
Browning, Oscar, cited 242 note.
Bukayr, 43.

Būki Khăn, 15.

Burnes, Alexander, mission to Bok-
hārā, 217; cited 207 note; passim.
Buyide (Daylamite) dynasty, increase
in power, 112; overthrow by Tog-
hrul Beg, 129.

Buyr-Nur, China invaded by, 153.

CALIPHS, the-Abu Bekr first to

assume title, 36; rise and fall of,
36-102; various caliphs (see their
names).

Cawder (Kawurd, Kurd, Kadurd),
131 note.

Chaghatay dialect, 180.

Chaghatay Khanate, 160-64; over-
thrown by Timür, 170.
Chakir, 125, 127, 128.
Chandra Gupta, Seleucus defeated by,

IO.

Chang-Kien, 17.
Charjuy, 310, 357.
Chernaieff, Colonel, Chimkent
stormed by, 246; siege of Tash-
kent, 247, 248; advance on and

retreat from Jizāk, 251; super-
seded by General Romanovski,
251.

Chi Hwang-ti, Tsin, 14.
Chighan, 60.

Children, custom concerning naming
of, in Merv, 42.

Chimkent, stormed by Russians, 246;
burnt by Kokandis, 248.
China-Han dynasty, founder of,
16; Chow dynasty, fall of and
subsequent events, 14; Great Wall,
15; march against Mothé, 16;
alliance with Yué-Chi, 17; direct
commercial intercourse with West,
17; Hans defeated by, and enrolled
in empire, 19; Umayyads aided,
85; Buyr-Nur invasion,
partial conquest by Chingiz, 156;
Yuen dynasty, founder of, 182;
Ming dynasty, founder of, 182.
Chingiz Khan, birth and early life,
151, 152-54, 232; war with Tai
Yang, 155; with Guchluk, 157;
with Khwärazm Shah, 157-59; Dār
ul-Akhirat destroyed by, 143; con-
quests of, 159, 160, 232; death,

160.

153;

Chosrau 1. (Anūshirawan "the Just "),
27 and note, 29-31.

-

pro-

Chosrau II. (Parviz "the Victorious"),
32.
Christianity Persecution
hibited during reign of Bahram
Gür by truce with Rome, 24;
Christians induced to embrace
Islam, 72; Holy War against
Christians of Taraz, 109; crusades
contemporaneous with Mohammed,
son of Melik, 134; Black Mongols
converted to, 152; persecution by
Nasrullah, 219; introduction into
Russia, and subsequent influence of
priests upon government, 229;
authorities on Christianity in
Central Asia in ancient times, 109
note.

Chupan Ată, 176, 402, 403.
Chu Yuan Chang, founder of Ming
dynasty, 182.
Cleitus, death of, 9.

Confucius (Kung-fu-tse), 14 note.
Conolly, Captain Arthur, imprisoned
and killed by Nasrullah, 217-18.

Cyropolis, 4, 7.

Cyrus I., conquest of Bactria, 4.

DAMASCUS, conquered by Parviz, 32 ;
taken by Arabs, 37; stormed by
Timur, 171.
Daniyal Bi, 205, 384 note.
Dangil Teppe, 287.
Daneshmandja, 166.
Där ul-Ākhirat, 143.
Darbend, building of, 31.
Dariel Pass, Roman subsidy for forti-
fication of, 24.
Darius Hystaspes, 4.

Darius II. overthrown by Alexander
the Great, 4, 5.
Dasht-i-Kipchak, extent of empire,

182.

Dā ūd, uncle of Abu-l-'Abbās, instru-
mental in exterminating Umayyads,
85.
Dawlat Bi, 204, 205.

Dawlat Giray (Bekovitch Cherkaski),
expedition to Khiva, 240-42.
Dawlat Girāy, Khān, 237.
Dawlat Shah, quo. 113 note.
Daylamite (Buyide) dynasty, increase
in power, 112; overthrow by Tog-
hrul Beg, 129.
De Bode, cited 393 note.
De Guignes, cited 30, 137 notes,
passim.

De Maynard, C. Barbier, cited 207

note.

Defile, battle of the (Ash-Shi'b), 73.
Dervishes, various orders in Samar-
kand, 171 note.
D'Herbelot, cited 16, 102 notes;
passim.

Dhirar ibn Haspan, 47.
Dihakan, definition, 46 note.
Din Mahammad, 195.

Diodotus, II.

Direm, value of, 40 note.
Dirgham, battle in valley of, 139.
Dirham ibn Nasr, 104.

Dmitri, Prince, attempt to throw off
Mongol yoke, 235.
D'Ohsson, cited 137, 146 notes;
passim.

Don (Tanais), Jaxartes mistaken by
Alexander for, 7.

Douglas, R. K., cited 149 note.
Drangiana (see Sistān).
Drapsaca (Andarab), 6.

Drouin, E., cited 11 note; passim.

EAGLE, regarded as bird of ill-omen,

220 note.

Edighei, Khan, 236.

El-'Abbas el-Ash'ath, 95.

El Barm (Yusuf ibn Ibrāhīm), 94.
El-Fadhl ibn Sulayman Tūsi, 94.
El-Fadhl ibn Yahya, 95.
El-Ghatrif ibn 'Atā, 95.
El-Hadi, 94.

El-Mahdi, 91, 93, 94.
El-Mansur (Abū Ja'far), Es-Saffah
succeeded by, 86; enmity towards
and murder of Abu Muslim, 86-88;
revolts against, 90-93; death, 93.
England — missions to Nasrullah,
216-17; Russia and, Siberian
advance viewed with disfavour,
246; appropriation of territory
south of Merv; English indignation,
300; appointment of joint commis-
sion to decide boundary, 301-303; |
commission to demarcate spheres
of influence on Pamirs, 303-305;
route of Indian overland railway,
317-19; methods of dealing with
Orientals contrasted, 410-15; de-
sirability of union, 414-16.
Ephthalites, origin, 20; Kushans
expelled from Bactria, 20, 21; de-
feated by Bahrām Gür, 24;
Yezdijerd II. defeated, 25; Firüz
aided, 25; rupture with Firuz, 26;
Persia overrun, 26; Kobād re-
ceived, 28; territory divided be-
tween Turks and Persians, 30.
Erdmann, cited 149 note.
Es-Saffah (Abu-l-'Abbās), 85-86.
Ersaris, the, 268.
Euthydemus, II.

in

Ghassan, 100 note, 101.
Ghaza, definition, 109.
Ghaznavides, Alptagin ruler
Ghazna, 112; Sabuktagin, 113,
117-18; Mahmud of Ghazna (see
that title); Mas'ud, 126-28; truce
with Seljuks, 128.
Ghujduvăn, battle of, 187.
Ghuz, the, migrations of, 124; incur-
sions into Khorāsān, 126; Sanjar
defeated, and Merv and Khorāsān
laid waste, 141-42.
Ghuzek, 60.

Gibbon, cited 37, 127 notes, passim.
Giray, Sultan, 183.
Glukhovsky, Colonel, 251 note, 286

note.

Golden Horde, the, 182.
Gori (Aornos, Khulum) taken by
Alexander the Great, 6.
Gortschakoff, Prince, circular to Great
Powers, 247 and Appendix I.
Græco-Bactrian Empire (see under
Bactria).

Grigorieff, cited 6, 8 notes, passim.
Grodekoff, cited 272 note.
Guchluk, 155.

Gür, definition, 24 note.

Gür Amir, Tamerlane's tomb, 389.
Gür Khan, title assumed by Ye-liu
Ta-shi, 137.

Gutschmid, cited 10 note.
Guyard, S., cited 133 note.

HĀJI BIKLĀS, 166.

Hajjāj, Khorāsān, appointments by,
44; instructions to Kutayba, 51,
52; death, 61 note, 63.
Hakim Bi, 211.

Haloxylon Ammodendron (Saxaul),
263.

Hamdullah Mustawfi, quo. 125 note.
Hami (Khamil), 15.
Hamza el-Khuza'i, 95.
Hamza Sultan, 186.

Harith ibn Surayj, revolt against
'Asim, 75; against Nasr, 79;
death, 79.

Harthama, despatched to Samarkand,
96; Samarkand taken, 98.
Hasan Beg, 177.

Hasan ibn Ali (Nizām ul-Mulk),
131.

Hasan ibn Kahtaba, 84.

Huen-Tsang, 31.

Humayd ibn Kahtaba, 93.
Huns (see also Ephthalites or White
Huns), war with Tung-nu, 15;
Kaotsu's troops surrounded, 16;
defeated and enrolled in Chinese
Empire, 19; Slav progress impeded
by, 226.

Hunter, Sir W. W., cited 315 note.
Husayn, Amir, 169.

Husayn Khan, 211.

Husayn Mirza (Sultan Husayn Bay-
kara), 184.

Hyacinth, Father, cited 149 note.

IBN HOBAYRA, 84.
Ibrahim, 121.
Ikrān, 145 note.
Il-Arslan, 140, 144.
Ilbars, 193.

Il-Kilij, 138 note.

Ilik Khan, 117-19, 123.
Iliyās Khwaja Oghlan, 169, 170.

note.

Hashimites (see 'Abbasids), 80.
Harun (governor of Khwārazm) re-
volt, 126.

Härün er-Raschid, 95-97.
Hayathila (see Ephthalites).
Hayyan, the Nabatean, 54.
Hegira, the, 35 and note.
Herät, importance of, 300;

con-

quered by Ya'küb, 104; acquired
by 'Abdullah II., 117; 'Ala ud-
Din, master of, 147; plundered by
Turkomans, 176.

Hexapolis, settlement of Sakas in,
15, 17.

Hezärasp, identity with Zariaspa
suggested, 8 note.

Hisham, Yezid II. succeeded by, 71;
Asad dismissed, 72; reinforce-
ments sent to Junayd, 74; Junayd
dismissed, 75; 'Asim dismissed,
75; death, 78.
Hiung-nu (see Huns).
Holwan, 64.

Horde, derivation, 233.

Hormuz II., 23.

Hormuz III., 25.
Hormuz IV., 31.

Howorth, Sir Henry, cited 149, 155
notes, passim.

Ilyiãs, 101.

Imām Kuli Khan, 195.
India-Alexander's conquest of, date
of setting out, 9; Seleucus defeated
by Chandra Gupta, 10; Saka in-
vasion, 17, 18; Parthian char-
acteristics on Saka coins, 16; Shāh
Kator, title of chief of Chitral, 20;
Kashmir lost by Kushans, 20;
Gangetic delta and Panjab overrun
by Timur, 171; invasion by Nadir
Shah, 200; Peacock Throne, the,
201; England in-"Permanent
Settlement," the, 406; methods
compared with Russian in Central
Asia, 410-15; fears of Russian ab-
sorption baseless, 408; route of
overland railway from England,
317-19.

Irjai, battle of, 252.
Irkutsk founded, 239.
Ishak, 107.

Ishan Mohammad 'Ali Khalifa, 260.
Iskandar the Uzbeg, 191 note.
Iskander Kul, 9 note.

Islām-definition, 36 note; origin
and rise, 34-44; spread of, on
downfall of Samanides, 119; estab-
lished in Kabul, 105; sectarian
dissensions, 78; Kutayba's zeal for,