'Ali ibn 'Isă, 96, 99.

'Ali ibn Talha, 101.
'Ali, Sultan, 178.

Alikhanoff, 298.

Arsaces, Andragoras overthrown by,
II; Arsacidæ dynasty founded by,
12; Kabul partly possessed by
Arsacidæ, 19.

täy, 161.

Alp Arslan, 130.

Alptagin, 112.

Altagin, 132.

Altuntash, 123.

Amin, 96, 99.

Amir Abd ul-Ahad, 257.

Amir Bayazid Jala'ir, 167.

Artabanus II., 12.

Artaxerxes IV. (Bessus), 5.

Aryan race, Pamirs birthplace of, 3.
Asad ibn 'Abdullah el-Kasri, 71, 75–

77.

Ashras ibn 'Abdullah (the Perfect), 72.
'Āsim ibn 'Abdullah, 75.
Askabad, 345-9.

208-10, 384 note.

Amir Husayn, 169.
Amir Kazghan, 165.

Amir Timur (see Timur Leng).

'Amr ibn Layth, Ya'kub succeeded
by, 105; career and death, 105,
109-11.

Amu Darya, crossed by Alexander,
6; boundary between Turkish and
Persian dominions, 30; Al-Hakam
first Arabian general to cross, 39;
course, 358; shifting of bed, 263;
navigation, 358; viaduct over, 310-
312, 359.

Amuya, ancient name for Charjuy,

144.

Amyntas, 10.
Andakhūy, 8.
Andaral (Drapsaca), 6.

Andijän, Kokandis defeated at, 260.
Annenkoff, General, Transcaspian
railway constructed by, 307-10.
Antes, 225.

Antiochus 1. and II., II.

Astrakhan conquered by Russia, 236.
Astrakhan dynasty, 194-203.

Atsiz, revolt against Sanjar, 138, 139;
death, 140.

Ayaz Topchi-bashi, 211, 213.

BABER (see Zahir ud-Din Băber).
Bachas, definition, 369.
Bactria (district), ancient extent, 3;
conquered by Cyrus I., sovereignty
assumed by Bessus, 6; conquered
by Alexander the Great, 4-10;
Græco-Bactrian kingdom, founder
of, 11; districts ceded to Parthia,
12; invasion by Sakas, 16, 18;
downfall, 18; Yué-Chi invasion,
19; partition among clans, 19;
Kushans expelled, 20; Ephthalite
settlement, 20; expedition of Bah-
rām Gür, 24; annexed by Persia, 30.
Bactria (town) (see Balkh).

Badakshan incorporated with Trans-
oxiana, 192.

Badghis, definition, 299 note.

Bahram 'Ali Khan, slain in battle
with Ma'sum, 206; Merv railway
station named after, 353.
Bahram Chūbin, 32.
Bahram Gür, 24.

Baigha, Bokhāran national game, 370.
Bakhdi (see Balkh).
Bāki Mohammad, 195.

Balāsāghun, built by Bükü Khan,
116; capital chosen by Ye-liu Ta-
shi, 137.
Balash, 26.
Balkategin, 136.

Balkh (Bactria, Bakhdi), 3 note;
taken by Alexander the Great, 6;

included in Tokhāristan, 18; an-
nexed by Persians, 30; Islām intro-
duced into, 38; reduced by Rabi'
ibn Ziyad, 39; Kutayba's expedi-
tions to, 46, 57; coalition with
Nizek, 56; temporary Mohammedan
capital of Central Asia, 76; Sām-
ananatire of, 101; siege and capture
by Ismail, 110; centre of Moham-
medan learning, 131; defeat of
Sanjar, 141; 'Ala ud-Din master
of, 147; Chaghatay in possession of,
160.

Bamian, 19.

Barmecides, fall of, 95.
Barmek, 95 note.

Barthold, M., 150 note.

Batanieff, Major, mission to Bokhārā,
217.

Batu Khan, 183, 233.

Bayan Kuli, 166.
Bayan Selduz, 166.

Bayazid Jala'ir Amir, 167.
Bayazid I., Sultan of Turkey, 171.
Baykand (City of Merchants), identifi-
cation with Zariaspa, 8 note; im-
portance of, 50; partial conquest
by 'Ubaydullah ibn Ziyād, 39;
battle and siege of, 47-49; restora-
tion, 49.
Baysunkur, 178.

Begi Jan (see Shah Murad).
Bektuzun, 118.

Bi, definition, 204 note.

Bishkand, identified with Panjakand,
187 note.

Bellew, Dr., cited 41 note, passim.
Bendoe, 32.

Beni Rabi'a, 79.

Berkiyāruk, 133 note, 134, 144.
Bessus (Artaxerxes IV.), 5.
Bistām, 32.

Boghra Khan, brother and successor
of Arslan Khan, 120.
Boghra Khan, first Uighur Khan of
Turkestan, 117.
Bokhārā (Sherif or "the Noble "),
settlement of Bactrians in confines
of, 18; conquered by Arabs, 40,
41; king defeated by Habib, 44;
Kutayba's expeditions, 46-55; Is-
ma'il sent to and superseded by
Ishak, 106, 107; capital of Trans-
oxiana and Khwārazm, 109, 111;

centre of Mohammedan culture and
learning, 111; destroyed by Chingiz,
158; rising in, during reign of
Chaghatay, 161 note; loss of posi
tion as capital, 189; sub-dynasty
abolished, 191; Astrakhan dynasty
in, 194-203; prosperity regained in,
195; Khivan revolt against, 197,
198; Mangit dynasty in, 204-21;
effect of Ma'sum's rule on, 208;
besieged by Nasrullah, 212; English
and Russian missions to, 217-18;
Russian conquest, 250-56; climate,
soil, and productions, 360 - 63;
varied character of population, 364–
367; women of, 368; customs and
amusements, 368-70; bazaar, 370;
public buildings, 373-77; coinage,
371; Islamic education, 374; gov.
ernment, 379-85; decline of slave-
market, 378; dialect, 180.
Bolars (Boyars), rise of, 230; influence
of, shaken off by Ivan Iv., 236.
Bosphorus, Caucasian (Straits of
Yenekale), 13.

Bretschneider, cited 139 note.
Browne, E. G., cited 133 note.
Browning, Oscar, cited 242 note.
Bukayr, 43.

Būkū Khăn, 115.

Burnes, Alexander, mission to Bok-
härä, 217; cited 207 note; passim.
Buyide (Daylamite) dynasty, increase
in power, 112; overthrow by Tog.
hrul Beg, 129.

Buyr-Nur, China invaded by, 153.

CALIPHS, the-Abu Bekr first to

assume title, 36; rise and fall of,
36-102; various caliphs (see their
names).

Cawder (Kawurd, Kurd, Kādurd),
131 note.

Chaghatay dialect, 180.

Chaghatay Khanate, 160-64; over-
thrown by Timür, 170.
Chakir, 125, 127, 128.
Chandra Gupta, Seleucus defeated by,

IO.

Chang-Kien, 17.
Charjuy, 310, 357.
Chernaieff, Colonel, Chimkent
stormed by, 246; siege of Tash-
kent, 247, 248; advance on and

retreat from Jizāk, 251; super-
seded by General Romanovski,
251.

Chi Hwang-ti, Tsin, 14.
Chighan, 60.

Children, custom concerning naming
of, in Merv, 42.

Chimkent, stormed by Russians, 246;
burnt by Kokandis, 248.
China-Han dynasty, founder of,
16; Chow dynasty, fall of and
subsequent events, 14; Great Wall,
15; march against Mothé, 16;
alliance with Yué-Chi, 17; direct
commercial intercourse with West,
17; Hans defeated by, and enrolled
in empire, 19; Umayyads aided,
85; Buyr-Nur invasion, 153;
partial conquest by Chingiz, 156;
Yuen dynasty, founder of, 182;
Ming dynasty, founder of, 182.
Chingiz Khān, birth and early life,
151, 152-54, 232; war with Tãi
Yang, 155; with Guchluk, 157;
with Khwärazm Shah, 157-59; Dār
ul-Akhirat destroyed by, 143; con-
quests of, 159, 160, 232; death,

160.

Chosrau I. (Anushirawan "the Just "),
27 and note, 29-31.

-

Chosrau II. (Parviz "the Victorious"),
32.
Christianity Persecution pro-
hibited during reign of Bahram
Gür by truce with Rome, 24;
Christians induced to embrace
Islam, 72; Holy War against
Christians of Taraz, 109; crusades
contemporaneous with Mohammed,
son of Melik, 134; Black Mongols
converted to, 152; persecution by
Nasrullah, 219; introduction into
Russia, and subsequent influence of
priests upon government, 229;
authorities on Christianity in
Central Asia in ancient times, 109
note.

Chupan Ată, 176, 402, 403.
Chu Yuan Chang, founder of Ming
dynasty, 182.
Cleitus, death of, 9.

Confucius (Kung-fu-tse), 14 note.
Conolly, Captain Arthur, imprisoned
and killed by Nasrullah, 217-18.

Cyropolis, 4, 7.

Cyrus I., conquest of Bactria, 4.

DAMASCUS, conquered by Parviz, 32;
taken by Arabs, 37; stormed by
Timur, 171.

Dāniyāl Bi, 205, 384 note.
Dangil Teppe, 287.
Daneshmandja, 166.
Där ul-Akhirat, 143.
Darbend, building of, 31.
Dariel Pass, Roman subsidy for forti-
fication of, 24.

Darius Hystaspes, 4.

Darius II. overthrown by Alexander
the Great, 4, 5.
Dasht-i-Kipchak, extent of empire,

182.

Dā ūd, uncle of Abu-l-'Abbās, instru-
mental in exterminating Umayyads,
85.

Dawlat Bi, 204, 205.

Dawlat Giray (Bekovitch Cherkaski),
expedition to Khiva, 240-42.
Dawlat Giray, Khan, 237.
Dawlat Shah, quo. 113 note.
Daylamite (Buyide) dynasty, increase
in power, 112; overthrow by Tog-
hrul Beg, 129.
De Bode, cited 393 note.
De Guignes, cited 30, 137 notes,
passim.

De Maynard, C. Barbier, cited 207

Diodotus, 11.

Direm, value of, 40 note.
Dirgham, battle in valley of, 139.
Dirham ibn Nasr, 104.

Dmitri, Prince, attempt to throw off
Mongol yoke, 235.
D'Ohsson, cited 137, 146 notes;
passim.

Don (Tanaïs), Jaxartes mistaken by
Alexander for, 7.

Douglas, R. K., cited 149 note.
Drangiana (see Sistan).
Drapsaca (Andarāb), 6.

Drouin, E., cited 11 note; passim.

EAGLE, regarded as bird of ill-omen,
220 note.

Edighei, Khan, 236.

El-'Abbas el-Ash'ath, 95.

El Barm (Yusuf ibn Ibrāhīm), 94.
El-Fadhl ibn Sulayman Tūsi, 94.
El-Fadhl ibn Yahya, 95.
El-Ghatrif ibn 'Atā, 95.
El-Hadi, 94.

-

El-Mahdi, 91, 93, 94.
El-Mansur (Abu Ja'far), Es-Saffah
succeeded by, 86; enmity towards
and murder of Abu Muslim, 86-88;
revolts against, 90-93; death, 93.
England missions to Nasrullah,
216-17; Russia and, Siberian
advance viewed with disfavour,
246; appropriation of territory
south of Merv; English indignation,
300; appointment of joint commis-
sion to decide boundary, 301-303;
commission to demarcate spheres
of influence on Pamirs, 303-305;
route of Indian overland railway,
317-19; methods of dealing with
Orientals contrasted, 410-15; de-
sirability of union, 414-16.
Ephthalites, origin, 20; Kushans
expelled from Bactria, 20, 21; de-
feated by Bahrām Gür, 24;
Yezdijerd II. defeated, 25; Firuz
aided, 25; rupture with Firuz, 26;
Persia overrun, 26; Kobād re-
ceived, 28; territory divided be-
tween Turks and Persians, 30.
Erdmann, cited 149 note.
Es-Saffah (Abu-l-'Abbās), 85-86.
Ersaris, the, 268.
Euthydemus, II.

Ghassan, 100 note, 101.
Ghază, definition, 109.
Ghaznavides, Alptagin ruler in
Ghazna, 112; Sabuktagin, 113,
117-18; Mahmud of Ghazna (see
that title); Mas'ud, 126-28; truce
with Seljuks, 128.

Ghujduvăn, battle of, 187.
Ghuz, the, migrations of, 124; incur-
sions into Khorasan, 126; Sanjar
defeated, and Merv and Khorasan
laid waste, 141-42.
Ghuzek, 60.

Gibbon, cited 37, 127 notes, passim.
Giray, Sultan, 183.
Glukhovsky, Colonel, 251 note, 286

note.

Golden Horde, the, 182.
Gori (Aornos, Khulum) taken by
Alexander the Great, 6.
Gortschakoff, Prince, circular to Great
Powers, 247 and Appendix I.
Græco-Bactrian Empire (see under
Bactria).

Grigorieff, cited 6, 8 notes, passim.
Grodekoff, cited 272 note.
Guchluk, 155.

Gür, definition, 24 note.

Gür Amir, Tamerlane's tomb, 389.
Gür Khăn, title assumed by Ye-liu
Ta-shi, 137.

Gutschmid, cited 10 note.
Guyard, S., cited 133 note.

HĀJI BIKLĀS, 166.

Hajjāj, Khorāsān, appointments by,
44; instructions to Kutayba, 51,
52; death, 61 note, 63.
Hakim Bi, 211.

Haloxylon Ammodendron (Saxaul),
263.

Hamdullah Mustawfi, quo. 125 note.
Hami (Khamil), 15.
Hamza el-Khuzā'ī, 95.
Hamza Sultan, 186.

Harith ibn Surayj, revolt against
'Asim, 75; against Nasr, 79;
death, 79.

Harthama, despatched to Samarkand,
96; Samarkand taken, 98.
Hasan Beg, 177.

Hasan ibn Ali (Nizām ul-Mulk),

131.

Hasan ibn Kahtaba, 84.

IBN HOBAYRA, 84.
Ibrahim, 121.
Ikrän, 145 note.
Il-Arslan, 140, 144.
Ilbars, 193.

Il-Kilij, 138 note.

Ilik Khan, 117-19, 123.
Iliyās Khwaja Oghlän, 169, 170.

note.

Hashimites (see 'Abbāsids), 80.

Harun (governor of Khwārazm) re-
volt, 126.

Härün er-Raschid, 95-97.
Hayathila (see Ephthalites).
Hayyan, the Nabatean, 54.
Hegira, the, 35 and note.

Herat, importance of, 300; con-
quered by Ya'küb, 104; acquired
by 'Abdullah II., 117; 'Alā ud-
Din, master of, 147; plundered by
Turkomans, 176.

Hexapolis, settlement of Sakas in,
15, 17.

Hezarasp, identity with Zariaspa
suggested, 8 note.

Hisham, Yezid II. succeeded by, 71;
Asad dismissed, 72; reinforce-
ments sent to Junayd, 74; Junayd
dismissed, 75; 'Asim dismissed,
75; death, 78.

Hiung-nu (see Huns).

Ilyias, 101.

Imām Kuli Khan, 195.
India-Alexander's conquest of, date
of setting out, 9; Seleucus defeated
by Chandra Gupta, 10; Saka in-
vasion, 17, 18; Parthian char-
acteristics on Saka coins, 16; Shāh
Kator, title of chief of Chitral, 20;
Kashmir lost by Kushans, 20;
Gangetic delta and Panjab overrun
by Timur, 171; invasion by Nadir
Shah, 200; Peacock Throne, the,
201; England in-"Permanent
Settlement, the, 406; methods
compared with Russian in Central
Asia, 410-15; fears of Russian ab-
sorption baseless, 408; route of
overland railway from England,
317-19.

Irjai, battle of, 252.
Irkutsk founded, 239.
Ishak, 107.

Ishan Mohammad 'Ali Khalifa, 260.
Iskandar the Uzbeg, 191 note.
Iskander Kul, 9 note.

Islam-definition, 36 note; origin
and rise, 34-44; spread of, on
downfall of Samanides, 119; estab-
lished in Kabul, 105; sectarian
dissensions, 78; Kutayba's zeal for,