'Ali ibn 'Isă, 96, 99.
'Ali ibn Talha, 101. 'Ali, Sultan, 178.
Alikhanoff, 298.
Arsaces, Andragoras overthrown by, II; Arsacidæ dynasty founded by, 12; Kabul partly possessed by Arsacidæ, 19.
Almāligh, made his capital by Chagha- Arslan Khan, 120.
täy, 161.
Alp Arslan, 130.
Amin, 96, 99.
Amir Abd ul-Ahad, 257.
Amir Bayazid Jala'ir, 167.
Artabanus II., 12.
Artaxerxes IV. (Bessus), 5.
Aryan race, Pamirs birthplace of, 3. Asad ibn 'Abdullah el-Kasri, 71, 75–
Ashras ibn 'Abdullah (the Perfect), 72. 'Āsim ibn 'Abdullah, 75. Askabad, 345-9.
Amir Haydar (Sayyid Haydar Tura), Astatke, 340 note.
208-10, 384 note.
Amir Husayn, 169. Amir Kazghan, 165.
Amir Timur (see Timur Leng).
'Amr ibn Layth, Ya'kub succeeded by, 105; career and death, 105, 109-11.
Amu Darya, crossed by Alexander, 6; boundary between Turkish and Persian dominions, 30; Al-Hakam first Arabian general to cross, 39; course, 358; shifting of bed, 263; navigation, 358; viaduct over, 310- 312, 359.
Amuya, ancient name for Charjuy,
Amyntas, 10. Andakhūy, 8. Andaral (Drapsaca), 6.
Andijän, Kokandis defeated at, 260. Annenkoff, General, Transcaspian railway constructed by, 307-10. Antes, 225.
Antiochus 1. and II., II.
Astrakhan conquered by Russia, 236. Astrakhan dynasty, 194-203.
Atsiz, revolt against Sanjar, 138, 139; death, 140.
Ayaz Topchi-bashi, 211, 213.
BABER (see Zahir ud-Din Băber). Bachas, definition, 369. Bactria (district), ancient extent, 3; conquered by Cyrus I., sovereignty assumed by Bessus, 6; conquered by Alexander the Great, 4-10; Græco-Bactrian kingdom, founder of, 11; districts ceded to Parthia, 12; invasion by Sakas, 16, 18; downfall, 18; Yué-Chi invasion, 19; partition among clans, 19; Kushans expelled, 20; Ephthalite settlement, 20; expedition of Bah- rām Gür, 24; annexed by Persia, 30. Bactria (town) (see Balkh).
Badakshan incorporated with Trans- oxiana, 192.
Badghis, definition, 299 note.
Anusha Khan, Bokhārā invaded by, Baghdad captured by Tahir, 99.
Bahram 'Ali Khan, slain in battle with Ma'sum, 206; Merv railway station named after, 353. Bahram Chūbin, 32. Bahram Gür, 24.
Baigha, Bokhāran national game, 370. Bakhdi (see Balkh). Bāki Mohammad, 195.
Balāsāghun, built by Bükü Khan, 116; capital chosen by Ye-liu Ta- shi, 137. Balash, 26. Balkategin, 136.
Balkh (Bactria, Bakhdi), 3 note; taken by Alexander the Great, 6;
included in Tokhāristan, 18; an- nexed by Persians, 30; Islām intro- duced into, 38; reduced by Rabi' ibn Ziyad, 39; Kutayba's expedi- tions to, 46, 57; coalition with Nizek, 56; temporary Mohammedan capital of Central Asia, 76; Sām- ananatire of, 101; siege and capture by Ismail, 110; centre of Moham- medan learning, 131; defeat of Sanjar, 141; 'Ala ud-Din master of, 147; Chaghatay in possession of, 160.
Bamian, 19.
Barmecides, fall of, 95. Barmek, 95 note.
Barthold, M., 150 note.
Batanieff, Major, mission to Bokhārā, 217.
Batu Khan, 183, 233.
Bayan Kuli, 166. Bayan Selduz, 166.
Bayazid Jala'ir Amir, 167. Bayazid I., Sultan of Turkey, 171. Baykand (City of Merchants), identifi- cation with Zariaspa, 8 note; im- portance of, 50; partial conquest by 'Ubaydullah ibn Ziyād, 39; battle and siege of, 47-49; restora- tion, 49. Baysunkur, 178.
Begi Jan (see Shah Murad). Bektuzun, 118.
Bi, definition, 204 note.
Bishkand, identified with Panjakand, 187 note.
Bellew, Dr., cited 41 note, passim. Bendoe, 32.
Beni Rabi'a, 79.
Berkiyāruk, 133 note, 134, 144. Bessus (Artaxerxes IV.), 5. Bistām, 32.
Boghra Khan, brother and successor of Arslan Khan, 120. Boghra Khan, first Uighur Khan of Turkestan, 117. Bokhārā (Sherif or "the Noble "), settlement of Bactrians in confines of, 18; conquered by Arabs, 40, 41; king defeated by Habib, 44; Kutayba's expeditions, 46-55; Is- ma'il sent to and superseded by Ishak, 106, 107; capital of Trans- oxiana and Khwārazm, 109, 111;
centre of Mohammedan culture and learning, 111; destroyed by Chingiz, 158; rising in, during reign of Chaghatay, 161 note; loss of posi tion as capital, 189; sub-dynasty abolished, 191; Astrakhan dynasty in, 194-203; prosperity regained in, 195; Khivan revolt against, 197, 198; Mangit dynasty in, 204-21; effect of Ma'sum's rule on, 208; besieged by Nasrullah, 212; English and Russian missions to, 217-18; Russian conquest, 250-56; climate, soil, and productions, 360 - 63; varied character of population, 364– 367; women of, 368; customs and amusements, 368-70; bazaar, 370; public buildings, 373-77; coinage, 371; Islamic education, 374; gov. ernment, 379-85; decline of slave- market, 378; dialect, 180. Bolars (Boyars), rise of, 230; influence of, shaken off by Ivan Iv., 236. Bosphorus, Caucasian (Straits of Yenekale), 13.
Bretschneider, cited 139 note. Browne, E. G., cited 133 note. Browning, Oscar, cited 242 note. Bukayr, 43.
Būkū Khăn, 115.
Burnes, Alexander, mission to Bok- härä, 217; cited 207 note; passim. Buyide (Daylamite) dynasty, increase in power, 112; overthrow by Tog. hrul Beg, 129.
Buyr-Nur, China invaded by, 153.
CALIPHS, the-Abu Bekr first to
assume title, 36; rise and fall of, 36-102; various caliphs (see their names).
Cawder (Kawurd, Kurd, Kādurd), 131 note.
Chaghatay dialect, 180.
Chaghatay Khanate, 160-64; over- thrown by Timür, 170. Chakir, 125, 127, 128. Chandra Gupta, Seleucus defeated by,
Chang-Kien, 17. Charjuy, 310, 357. Chernaieff, Colonel, Chimkent stormed by, 246; siege of Tash- kent, 247, 248; advance on and
retreat from Jizāk, 251; super- seded by General Romanovski, 251.
Chi Hwang-ti, Tsin, 14. Chighan, 60.
Children, custom concerning naming of, in Merv, 42.
Chimkent, stormed by Russians, 246; burnt by Kokandis, 248. China-Han dynasty, founder of, 16; Chow dynasty, fall of and subsequent events, 14; Great Wall, 15; march against Mothé, 16; alliance with Yué-Chi, 17; direct commercial intercourse with West, 17; Hans defeated by, and enrolled in empire, 19; Umayyads aided, 85; Buyr-Nur invasion, 153; partial conquest by Chingiz, 156; Yuen dynasty, founder of, 182; Ming dynasty, founder of, 182. Chingiz Khān, birth and early life, 151, 152-54, 232; war with Tãi Yang, 155; with Guchluk, 157; with Khwärazm Shah, 157-59; Dār ul-Akhirat destroyed by, 143; con- quests of, 159, 160, 232; death,
Chosrau I. (Anushirawan "the Just "), 27 and note, 29-31.
Chosrau II. (Parviz "the Victorious"), 32. Christianity Persecution pro- hibited during reign of Bahram Gür by truce with Rome, 24; Christians induced to embrace Islam, 72; Holy War against Christians of Taraz, 109; crusades contemporaneous with Mohammed, son of Melik, 134; Black Mongols converted to, 152; persecution by Nasrullah, 219; introduction into Russia, and subsequent influence of priests upon government, 229; authorities on Christianity in Central Asia in ancient times, 109 note.
Chupan Ată, 176, 402, 403. Chu Yuan Chang, founder of Ming dynasty, 182. Cleitus, death of, 9.
Confucius (Kung-fu-tse), 14 note. Conolly, Captain Arthur, imprisoned and killed by Nasrullah, 217-18.
Cyrus I., conquest of Bactria, 4.
DAMASCUS, conquered by Parviz, 32; taken by Arabs, 37; stormed by Timur, 171.
Dāniyāl Bi, 205, 384 note. Dangil Teppe, 287. Daneshmandja, 166. Där ul-Akhirat, 143. Darbend, building of, 31. Dariel Pass, Roman subsidy for forti- fication of, 24.
Darius Hystaspes, 4.
Darius II. overthrown by Alexander the Great, 4, 5. Dasht-i-Kipchak, extent of empire,
Dā ūd, uncle of Abu-l-'Abbās, instru- mental in exterminating Umayyads, 85.
Dawlat Bi, 204, 205.
Dawlat Giray (Bekovitch Cherkaski), expedition to Khiva, 240-42. Dawlat Giray, Khan, 237. Dawlat Shah, quo. 113 note. Daylamite (Buyide) dynasty, increase in power, 112; overthrow by Tog- hrul Beg, 129. De Bode, cited 393 note. De Guignes, cited 30, 137 notes, passim.
De Maynard, C. Barbier, cited 207
Direm, value of, 40 note. Dirgham, battle in valley of, 139. Dirham ibn Nasr, 104.
Dmitri, Prince, attempt to throw off Mongol yoke, 235. D'Ohsson, cited 137, 146 notes; passim.
Don (Tanaïs), Jaxartes mistaken by Alexander for, 7.
Douglas, R. K., cited 149 note. Drangiana (see Sistan). Drapsaca (Andarāb), 6.
Drouin, E., cited 11 note; passim.
EAGLE, regarded as bird of ill-omen, 220 note.
Edighei, Khan, 236.
El-'Abbas el-Ash'ath, 95.
El Barm (Yusuf ibn Ibrāhīm), 94. El-Fadhl ibn Sulayman Tūsi, 94. El-Fadhl ibn Yahya, 95. El-Ghatrif ibn 'Atā, 95. El-Hadi, 94.
El-Mahdi, 91, 93, 94. El-Mansur (Abu Ja'far), Es-Saffah succeeded by, 86; enmity towards and murder of Abu Muslim, 86-88; revolts against, 90-93; death, 93. England missions to Nasrullah, 216-17; Russia and, Siberian advance viewed with disfavour, 246; appropriation of territory south of Merv; English indignation, 300; appointment of joint commis- sion to decide boundary, 301-303; commission to demarcate spheres of influence on Pamirs, 303-305; route of Indian overland railway, 317-19; methods of dealing with Orientals contrasted, 410-15; de- sirability of union, 414-16. Ephthalites, origin, 20; Kushans expelled from Bactria, 20, 21; de- feated by Bahrām Gür, 24; Yezdijerd II. defeated, 25; Firuz aided, 25; rupture with Firuz, 26; Persia overrun, 26; Kobād re- ceived, 28; territory divided be- tween Turks and Persians, 30. Erdmann, cited 149 note. Es-Saffah (Abu-l-'Abbās), 85-86. Ersaris, the, 268. Euthydemus, II.
Ghassan, 100 note, 101. Ghază, definition, 109. Ghaznavides, Alptagin ruler in Ghazna, 112; Sabuktagin, 113, 117-18; Mahmud of Ghazna (see that title); Mas'ud, 126-28; truce with Seljuks, 128.
Ghujduvăn, battle of, 187. Ghuz, the, migrations of, 124; incur- sions into Khorasan, 126; Sanjar defeated, and Merv and Khorasan laid waste, 141-42. Ghuzek, 60.
Gibbon, cited 37, 127 notes, passim. Giray, Sultan, 183. Glukhovsky, Colonel, 251 note, 286
Golden Horde, the, 182. Gori (Aornos, Khulum) taken by Alexander the Great, 6. Gortschakoff, Prince, circular to Great Powers, 247 and Appendix I. Græco-Bactrian Empire (see under Bactria).
Grigorieff, cited 6, 8 notes, passim. Grodekoff, cited 272 note. Guchluk, 155.
Gür, definition, 24 note.
Gür Amir, Tamerlane's tomb, 389. Gür Khăn, title assumed by Ye-liu Ta-shi, 137.
Gutschmid, cited 10 note. Guyard, S., cited 133 note.
Hajjāj, Khorāsān, appointments by, 44; instructions to Kutayba, 51, 52; death, 61 note, 63. Hakim Bi, 211.
Haloxylon Ammodendron (Saxaul), 263.
Hamdullah Mustawfi, quo. 125 note. Hami (Khamil), 15. Hamza el-Khuzā'ī, 95. Hamza Sultan, 186.
Harith ibn Surayj, revolt against 'Asim, 75; against Nasr, 79; death, 79.
Harthama, despatched to Samarkand, 96; Samarkand taken, 98. Hasan Beg, 177.
Hasan ibn Ali (Nizām ul-Mulk),
IBN HOBAYRA, 84. Ibrahim, 121. Ikrän, 145 note. Il-Arslan, 140, 144. Ilbars, 193.
Il-Kilij, 138 note.
Ilik Khan, 117-19, 123. Iliyās Khwaja Oghlän, 169, 170.
Hasan ibn Sabbah, the Assassin, 131 Iltūza Khan of Khiva, 209.
Hashimites (see 'Abbāsids), 80.
Harun (governor of Khwārazm) re- volt, 126.
Härün er-Raschid, 95-97. Hayathila (see Ephthalites). Hayyan, the Nabatean, 54. Hegira, the, 35 and note.
Herat, importance of, 300; con- quered by Ya'küb, 104; acquired by 'Abdullah II., 117; 'Alā ud- Din, master of, 147; plundered by Turkomans, 176.
Hexapolis, settlement of Sakas in, 15, 17.
Hezarasp, identity with Zariaspa suggested, 8 note.
Hisham, Yezid II. succeeded by, 71; Asad dismissed, 72; reinforce- ments sent to Junayd, 74; Junayd dismissed, 75; 'Asim dismissed, 75; death, 78.
Hiung-nu (see Huns).
Imām Kuli Khan, 195. India-Alexander's conquest of, date of setting out, 9; Seleucus defeated by Chandra Gupta, 10; Saka in- vasion, 17, 18; Parthian char- acteristics on Saka coins, 16; Shāh Kator, title of chief of Chitral, 20; Kashmir lost by Kushans, 20; Gangetic delta and Panjab overrun by Timur, 171; invasion by Nadir Shah, 200; Peacock Throne, the, 201; England in-"Permanent Settlement, the, 406; methods compared with Russian in Central Asia, 410-15; fears of Russian ab- sorption baseless, 408; route of overland railway from England, 317-19.
Irjai, battle of, 252. Irkutsk founded, 239. Ishak, 107.
Ishan Mohammad 'Ali Khalifa, 260. Iskandar the Uzbeg, 191 note. Iskander Kul, 9 note.
Islam-definition, 36 note; origin and rise, 34-44; spread of, on downfall of Samanides, 119; estab- lished in Kabul, 105; sectarian dissensions, 78; Kutayba's zeal for,
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