45, 66; Guchluk's intolerance of, 156; embraced by immigrant Tibe- tan Turks to Balāsāghūn, 120; Moslems subject to enemies of faith, 139; education, 374; in- fluence of mullas on government, 375; impression left by Alexander the Great, 9; persecution of Chris- tians (see Christianity). Isma'il el-Muntazir, 118 note. Ismail ibn Ahmed, sent to Bokhārā,
106; defeat of Nasr, 107; Nasr succeeded by, 109; hostilities with 'Amr, 110; campaign against Turks, III; death, 112.
Ismail, Shah, the Safavi, 185, 186. Ispahbād, definition, 56.
Issus, overthrow of Darius II., 4. Istakhr, capital of Persia under Ardashir, 23. Istakhri, quo. 46 note. Ivan IV. (the Terrible), 236.
Janibeg, Sultan, descent traced, 190; battle with Bāber, 187; made Kälgha, 189; territory of, 191.
Jaxartes (see Sir Daryā).
Jerusalem, conquered by Parviz, 33.
Jews, condition in Bokhārā, 365. Jighāya, 56, 57, 59.
Jornandes, cited 225 note. Juday' el Kirmānī, 79, 82.
Juen-Juen, conquests, 21; subdued by Tumen and Mokan-khān, 30. Jūji Khan, 158, 182.
Junayd (Jandab) ibn 'Abd er-Rahman, 72-75.
Jurjān, importance of, 67. Justin, cited 11, 12 notes.
Kahtaba ibn Shebib, 83, 84. Ka'im, Caliph, 130. Kalgha, title of heir-apparent among the Uzbegs, 189. Kamāj, 141. Kandahar (Arachosia, Kiphin), 18, 19, 20. Kao-tsu, Emperor, 16. Karachār Nuyan, ancestor of Timur Leng, 168.
Kara-Khitāys-origin of empire, 137; Transoxiana tributary to, 137; Sanjar defeated, 139; Khwärazm invaded, 144; Tekish aided, 145; rupture with Tekish and reconcilia- tion, 145-47; independence of, asserted by Mohammad Shah, 147, 148; Gür-Khan dethroned by Guchluk, 155-56; downfall of king- dom, 157; urban life, 163. Kara-Khanides (see Uighurs). Karmā, 146.
Kāshghar—Juen-Juen masters of, 21; occupied by Great Yué-Chi, 16; conquered by Kutayba, 62; by Kadir Khan, 120; by the Tufghāj, 120; by Ye-liu Ta-shi and made capital, 137, 138; Seljuk suzerainty recognised, 132; in possession of Guchluk, 156, 157; part of Mongol Empire, 160; dialect, 180. Kāsim Mohammad, 197. Kasimovski, 183 note. Katti Tūra, 256.
Kauffman, General, appointed gov ernor-general of Turkestan, 253; Samarkand taken, 254; Kokand invaded, 260; war with Yomud Turkomans, 284. Kavadh (see Kobad).
Kāwurd (Kurd, Kādurd, Cawder), 131 note. Kay-Khosrú, 115.
Kays ibn al-Haytham, 38. Kazāks, the, 183.
Kazan (Karan) Khan, 165. Kazghan, Amir, 165. Kerbela, battle near, 84.
Kerz, siege of, 58.
Kesh (see Shahrisabz). Khadija, 35.
19; Khalid, 37.
Khalid ibn 'Abdullah al-Kasrī, 71. Khalid ibn Barmek, 95 note.
Khalifa (see Caliphs). Khalil Sultan, 173-76. Khamil (Hami), 15. Khanikoff, cited 207 note, passim. Khānsälär, definition, 141 note. Kharashar, 21. Khārijites, 78, 80, 81.
Khatun, Princess, 40-42. Khatun Turkān, 133.
Khazars, force sent against Darbend, 31.
Khazim ibn Khuzayma, 90, 91, 93. Khidhr Khan, 121. Khita'i, 115 note.
Khitan, definition, 150 note. Khitays (Khita'i) harassed by Kara- Khanides, 115, 120. Khiva (Khwärazm) — definition of Khwārazm, 233 note; Persians de- feated by Ibn Amir, 38; Mufaddhal's expeditions against, 44; Chighãn aided by Kutayba, 60; conquered by Mahmud, 123; by Seljuks, 136; anarchy in, 138; Khwārazm Shāhs, 136, 144-48; tribute paid to Kara- Khitays, 147; conquered by Chin- giz, 159; overrun by Abu-l-Khayr, 184; conquered by Shaybani Khan, 184; made an independent prin- cipality, 193; revolt against Bok- hārā, 197; invasion of Bokhārā and subservience to, 198; conflict with Haydar, 209; conquered by Nadir Shah, 202; Nasrullah's hostile relations with, 216; war with Turkomans, 269; Russian conquest, Cossack invasion, 239; expedition against, 244; treaty concluded, 245; negotiations in reign of Peter the Great, 240-42 ; treacherous conduct of Khivans, 241; Bokharan campaign joined by Khiva, 250; final conquest, 258. Khodaydad, revolt against Khalil Sultan, 175.
of, 105; Ghaznavide rule, Seljuk rule, 127; ravaged by Atziz, 139; laid waste by Ghuz, 142; acquired by Khwārazm-Shāhs, 144; overrun by Chingiz, 159, 233; acquired by Shah Rukh, 174; in possession of Husayn Mirzā, 184; conquered by Shaybānī Khan, 185; by Shah Ismail, 185; by 'Abdullah 11., 192; incursions by Maʼsùm, 207; overrun by Tekkes, 271, 284; famine, 284.
Khorazmia, 4 (see also Khwārazm and Khiva).
Kiphin (see Kandahār). Kirghiz, origin and haunts of, 242; characteristics, 365; conflict with Cossacks, 239; submission of Middle Horde to Russia, 242; raids on caravans, 243. Kitolo, 20.
Kizil Arvat, workshops, 342. Klaproth, cited 116 note. Kobād, 26-29. Kokand-invaded by Mozaffar ud- Din, 221; Kipchak rebellion against Khuda Yär, 220-21; Bokhārā suze- rain over, 215, 216; Russian conquest, Ak Mechet taken, 245; Chimkent stormed, 246; Tashkent attacked and taken, 247-49; in- vasion of, and annexation, 259-61.
Khojend, surrender to Nasrullah, 215, 216; siege of, 252. Khorasan (Ta-hia)-conquered by Yué-Chi, 17; Caliph suzerain over, 38-127; rising in, 85; massacre of inhabitants by 'Abdullah, 87; dis- order in, 91; rising under Ustädsis, 92; various revolts, 93, 94; rule of Tahirides, 102-5; Ya'küb master | Ko-lo, 30.
Komaroff, General, Afghans attacked | Mahmud ibn Mohammad, 134, 137.
and routed, 302; Askabad founded
by, 345. Kophin, 21.
Koran, the, 36. Krasnovodsk, 340.
Kubilay Khan, founder of Yuen dynasty, 182.
Kuchinji Khan, 189; descent, 190. Kühistan, Turks defeated by Arabs at, 39.
Kulchanoff, Colonel, 404 note. Kung-fu-tse (Confucius), 14 note. Kurapatkine, Colonel Alexis, sent with reinforcements to General Skobe- leff, 290; sketch of career, 323; policy of Russia in Central Asia, 338 and Appendix II. Kurd (Kāwurd, Kādurd, Cawder), 131 note. Kurmaghanun, Prince, 51. Kürsül, 77.
Kushans (see Yué-Chi). Kutayba ibn Muslim el-Bahili, appointed governor of Khorasan, 44, 46; expeditions to Bokhārā, 46-55; Nizek's rebellion, 56-59; hostages of king of Jūzajan put to death, 59; Chighän aided, 60; Soghdiana invaded, 60; Shash, Khojend, and Kashan reduced, 61; first Arab leader to establish Islam in place of Zoroastrian religion, 45; zeal for Islām, 66; Kashghar conquered, 62; fall and death, 63-66.
Kutb ed-Din Mohammad, 136, 137. Kuthik, 194.
Kwei-shuang (see Yué-Chi).
Mahmud ibn Melik, 133. Mahmud Khān, 122.
Mahmud of Ghazna, 117, 118, 125-26. Malcolm, cited 24, 104 notes, passim. Ma'mun, 95, 96, 98-102.
Mangit dynasty (see under Uzbegs). Mansur el-Himyari, 95. Mansur I., 112.
Marcanda (see Samarkand). Margiana, annexed by Cyrus I., 4; overrun by Alexander the Great, 8; Greeks deprived of, 18 (see also Merv).
Marvin, cited 270 note. Maslama, 70. Massagetæ, 4.
Mas'ud ibn Mahmud, 126–28. Mas'ud ibn Mohammad, 178. Mas'ud Khan, 121.
Ma'sum (Shah Murad), 205-8, 384
Mausoleum of Sanjar, 142. Mavara-un-Nahr (see Transoxiana). Maymena, 8.
Mazdak, 27, 28, 29. Mecklenburg, Grand Dukes of, descent claimed from Wends, 226 note. Medina, Mohammed's flight to, 35. Mekka, capital of Arabia, 34; Mohammed's flight from, 35. Melik Shāh, 121, 131-33. Melik Shah II., 134. Mencius (Meng-tse), 14 note. Meruchak, 8.
Merv, "Queen of the World," origin of title, 44 note; custom regarding naming of children, 42; capital of Khorasan under Arab rule, 42, 45; Muhallab, governor of, 43, 44; Yezid, governor of, 44; entry of Abu Muslim into, 82; standard of Harith set up in, 79; made capital of Caliphate, 99; laid waste by Ghuz, 142; conquered by Ma'sum, 206; Russia made suzerain over, 298; railway to Samarkand, 310- 313; branch of railway to Kushk, 317; irrigation of, 206, 333; general description, 265, 349-56. Merv er-Rud, storming of, 57.
Merwan, governor of 'Irak, 82, 85. Meyendorf, cited 244 note.
Mu'ayyad, governor of Nishāpūr, 145. Mu'ayyad ud-Dawlé, 133. Mu'áz ibn Muslim, 94. Mufaddhal, 44.
Mughal, first use of word, 150. Muhallab, 42, 43.
Muir, cited 38 note, passim. Mukim Khan, 199.
Muktadi, Caliph, death of, 134. Mulabbab esh-Shay bāni, 90. Müller, cited 39 note, passim. Murghäb, the, 333-35. Musayyah ibn Zobayr, 94. Muslim ibn Sa'id, the Kiläbite, 71. Mu'tadhid, 109-10.
Mu'tamid, Caliph, 104-05. Mutawakkil, Caliph, 103. Muwaffak, 104, 105.
Muzaffar ud-Din (Sayyid Muzaffar ud-Din), 219-21.
NADIR SHAH, 200-3, 267. Nahāvend, Zoroastrians defeated by Arabs at, 37; captured by Hashi- mite troops, 84.
Nakshabandi, order of dervishes, 170
Naphthalites (see Ephthalites).
Narshakhi, cited 41, 42, 43 notes, passim.
Nasir, Caliph, 157.
Nasr ibn Ahmed, 105-8.
Nasr ibn Sayyar, 75, 77-83.
Nasrullah Khan, 211-19.
Mokanna (veiled prophet of Kho- Nautaca, district covered by, 6.
räsän), 94.
Mokhallad, 68.
Molla Khan, 220. Mongols early history, 150; divi- sions of, 151; religions, 152; civilisation of, attributed to Tata- tungo, 155; nomadic habits, 161, 162, 232; invasion of Central Asia, 155-60; Russia invaded, 233; influence on Russian char- acter and characteristics, 234; dissensions among, 234; Russian attempts to throw off Mongol yoke, 235; decline of power, 236. Moscow, rise of, 234; Mongol attacks on, 235, 236, 237. Moser, cited 262 note, passim. Mostadhhir, 134.
Nawruz Ahmed, 191 note. Nazir Mohammad, 196. Nestorius, followers persecuted by Tamerlane, 397.
Ney, cited 249, 257 notes, passim. Nicator (Seleucus 1.), 10. Nijni Novogorod, building of, 231; a principality, 234. Nishapur, conquest ascribed to
Shapur, 23; passim. Nizak Tarkhūn, 39. Nizām ul-Mulk (Hasam ibn 'Ali), 131, 132.
Nizek, peace concluded with Kutayba, 47; rebellion and death, 56-59. Nöldeke, cited 22 note, passim. Novogorod, a republic, 230; added to Russia by Vassili III., 236; Vladimir of, 229.
'Omar Shaykh, 178. 'Omāra ibn Horaym, 73. Omsk acquired by Russia, 242. Orenburg, founding of, and importance for caravans, 242; defective as basis for expeditions, 245. Orkhon inscriptions, 29 note. Oshrusana, 95.
Perofski, Count, expedition against Khiva, 243, 244.
Persepolis, plundered by Alexander, 5. Persia-Bactria annexed to, 4; con-
quered by Alexander the Great, 4; condition in third century, 22; Ardashir, king of, 23; famine in, 25; loss of eyesight a bar to ruling, 27; Arab conquest, 37; acquired by Turks, 129; overrun by troops of Timur, 171; war with Baki Mohammad, 195; Nadir Shāh, 200-3; war with Turkomans, 267, 269-72; Persian literary language in time of Tahirides, 180; Parthia (see that title).
Peter the Great, 240-42. Petra Oxiana, 8.
Petrofsky, M., cited 371 note. Petrusevitch, cited 270, 271, 272
Philippus of Elymeus, 10. Phraates, 12.
Osman, prince of Samarkand, 147, Pir Mohammad, 173.
Osmanlis, origin of, 124.
'Othman, Caliph, 37.
Oxus (see Amu Daryā). Oxyartes, father of Roxana, 8.
PALESTINE, conquest by Arabs, 37; Damascus and Jerusalem quered by Parviz, 32, 33; Damascus stormed by Timūr, 171. Pamirs, birthplace of Aryan race, 3; commission to demarcate English and Russian influence on, 303-5. Panchao, 20.
Panjakand, identified with Bishkand, 187 note. Pāpek, 22.
Paropamisus mountains, boundary of Bactria, 3.
Parthia, 11-13; Greeks deprived of Margiana by, 18; encounters with the Yué-Chi, 19; overthrow of dynasty by Ardashir, 23; Parthians identical with Turkomans, 266; characteristics on early Indian Saka coins, 16. Parviz, "the Victorious" (Chosrau 11.), 32. Pasargadæ, 5.
Pir Mohammad, grandson of Tîmür, the Uzbeg, 191 note.
Pishagar, destroyed by Nasrullah, 215. Polotsk, 230.
Poole, Mr. S. Lane, cited 60 note, passim.
Powers, the Great, Russian circular to, 249, Appendix I. Price, Major, cited 161 note, passim. Pskov, 230.
RABI IBN ZIYAD EL-HĀRITHĪ, 39. Rafi ibn Harthama, appointed governor of Khorasan, 105; peace between Nasr and Ismail, obtained by, 107; murder of, 110. Rafi ibn Layth, 96.
Rahim Bi, 199, 202, 384 note. Railways (see under Russia). Ramtina, conquered by Ubaydullah ibn Ziyād, 39. Rapson, cited 16 note. Ravandis, the, 92. Raverty, cited 120 note. Riazan, Russian principality, 234. Risalachi, public entertainers, 401. Romanovski, General, General Cher- naieff superseded by, 251; battle of Irjai, 252.
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