Summary of requirements, fiscal year 1952-Continued Net difference between 1951 and 1952: 1. Salaries and expenses, Department of State.. 4. Acquisition of buildings abroad. 5. Emergencies in the diplomatic and consular service.. 6. Contributions to international organizations, Department of State. 7. Missions to international organizations, Department of State. 8. International contingencies, Department of 9. Salaries and expenses, International Boundary 11. Rio Grande Emergency Flood Protection, Department of State.. 16, 200, 000+10, 155, 220 12. Salaries and expenses, American Sections, International Commissions. 13. Salaries and expenses, International Claims Commission, Department of State. 870,000 +380, 800 179, 300 14. International information and educational activities, Department of State.. 15. Philippine rehabilitation, Department of State... Total.. Total estimate of appropriation, 1952. 213, 682, 197 283, 566, 476 +69, 884, 279 +69, 884, 279 Summary of personal service obligations 283,566, 476 Deduct amount financed from agreements included in prior year obligations Net obligations........... Adjustments under appropriations: Add: 1951 estimate 1952 estimate $50,063, 047 1.000 23, 000, 000 $30, 659, 181 48, 741, 286 2,000 4,858, 205 19,900,000 2,800,000 302, 333, 214 298, 333, 083 GENERAL STATEMENT OF THE SECRETARY Mr. ROONEY. We are pleased this morning to have with us the distinguished Secretary of State, the Honorable Dean Acheson, who, I assume, has a general statement, which it is customary to present at this time, with regard to the operations of his very important Department. Mr. Secretary. Secretary ACHESON. Mr. Chairman, I have here a prepared statement which I shall go through if the committee desires or, if the committee should prefer, I shall just insert it in the record. Mr. ROONEY. We shall continue the practice which we have followed in the last few years and insert your prepared statement in the record at this time and ask you to comment generally on the items contained therein, and the details of the present international situation. Mr. ACHESON. I am glad to have this opportunity to meet with you again to present our budget for 1952 and to discuss our problems and review our objectives. I am conscious, as I am sure each of you is conscious, that our problems are rendered urgent by the mounting threat of Communist imperialism and the need to meet that threat if we are to safeguard our independence and our free way of life. For 1952 we are requesting at this time $283,566,476, which compares with appropriations of $271,393,147 for the current year-an increase of $12,173,329. These sums exclude military and economic assistance and costs of occupation. When we take into consideration certain factors such as nonrecurring items, unobligated balances, and other adjustments, we are, in fact, requesting increases of $69,884,279 over comparable funds which comprise the base. The justifications which have been submitted to you analyze these increases and justify the estimates. Witnesses from the several major bureaus and offices of the Department are prepared to appear before you in support of our requests. These estimates provide for continuation of current activities as they are being redirected to emphasize defense and mobilization objectives. However, they do not provide for assumption by the Department of its full role under the mobilization program. Supplemental appropriations will be requested as soon as final plans have been developed. The present international situation has placed an unprecedented burden upon the Department in matters of diplomacy and negotiation. While this burden has grown greater, there has been no equivalent expansion in the Department's organization. Total funds and personnel available to the Department for a number of years past have remained comparatively static, the funds remaining at about three-tenths of 1 percent of the entire Government budget. Yet the number, the complexity, and in particular the significance of matters relating to our foreign affairs have mounted tremendously. A large percentage of the innumerable problems with which the Department is faced day after day are directly and closely related to our struggle for survival as a democratic Nation and to our efforts to maintain peace in the world. The efforts we are making to avert war under the conditions which prevail are of a different order than would be required merely to maintain an established peace. As the most powerful member of the free world alliance, this country has assumed leadership in developing an international order to establish and preserve peace and freedom. The stragetic importance of the responsibilities of the Department of State in such a role makes it imperative that adequate provision be made for its operation. We have made that operation more effective. When I last appeared before you a year ago, I reviewed the Department's progress in carrying out the recommendations of the Hoover Commission. Our experience since then has reinforced my belief that the Department now has an effective action organization. Organization, however, is never a static thing, and the Department has during the past year undergone a number of changes to enable it to meet its newest responsibilities. We have added to our functions the program for overseas technical assistance, a greatly expanded program for mutual defense assistance, and a large increase in our overseas information activities. The emergency situation has created an entire range of new work throughout the Department and I would like to express here, as I have done on other occasions, my pride in and appreciation for the exceptional devotion to duty with which the personnel of the Department and the Foreign Service have responded to this challenge. Our personnel serving overseas are doing outstanding work under increasing pressures and hardships. The Department has created two new major organizational units. to meet its added program requirements. A Technical Cooperation Administration, headed by Dr. Henry G. Bennett, former president of Oklahoma A. and M. College, has been charged with planning, implementation, and management of the point 4 program. More recently, under an agreement with the Departments of Defense, Treasury, and ECA, the position of Director, International Security Affairs, has been established. This position has responsibility for general direction and coordination of all departmental and interdepartmental activity concerning the North Atlantic Treaty and other regional and bilateral arrangements concerned with collective defense, mutual defense assistance programs, and economic assistance in support of military preparedness. Mr. Thomas Cabot, a Boston banker and businessman new to the Government, has been appointed to fill this position, and we are in process of recruiting a competent staff to help him to carry out his tremendously important job. Other areas of the Department have been undergoing internal adjustments in their organization to accommodate new or expanded functions. An example of the increased workload is the greatly accelerated tempo of intelligence resulting from the world crisis. An emergency program has been invoked to meet the need for speed. The heavy demands for current intelligence in all fields and for continuous evaluation of information on critical areas has been met by the establishment of special facilities to provide for hour-by-hour service to the operating officers of the Department. Each morning, for example, intelligence officers brief me and other members of my staff on overnight developments having foreign-policy implications. The Department of State, of course, must also maintain for the other Federal intelligence agencies a steady flow of evaluated political news from abroad. Further, it must contribute to the national intelligence estimates, and insure that full account is taken in such estimates of political, economic, and sociological factors. Thus, the Department's intelligence organization is more than ever a key part of the over-all governmental organization and is playing a vital role in the national security program. As a result of these new developments, the intelligence area will be called on for a greater effort to collect and evaluate the facts upon which sound policies can be developed. It will be heavily taxed to meet these needs. In reporting to you last year, I reviewed at some length the steps I had taken to assure most careful consideration of the Hoover Commission's recommendation for amalgamation of the departmental and Foreign Service personnel systems. The committee which I mentioned then was composed of Mr. James Rowe, formerly Assistant Attorney General, Mr. Robert Ramspeck, formerly a Member of the House of Representatives and chairman of the House Civil Service Committee, and William E. DeCourcy, Ambassador to Haiti, who is a career Foreign Service officer. This committee has submitted its report to me. Its recommendations warrant most serious consideration. The Department will take steps to assure that these recommendations are implemented as fully and as quickly as sound personnel practice and the conditions imposed on us by the national emergency permit. Now I would like to discuss briefly some of the means through which we are seeking to strengthen our defenses and to promote our security and well-being in the world. UNITED NATIONS With respect to the United Nations, we are continuing to give unfaltering support to the principles of its Charter and to the United Nations as a functioning organization. Last fall, the General Assembly adopted the resolution entitled "United Action for Peace," which provided for strengthened collective measures against aggression. The realization and operation of this plan are subject to no veto. It depends only upon the will of the members to plan and act together. We are striving now to maintain a strong united position among the free members of the United Nations against the aggression which has been committed in Korea. Progress toward the international control of atomic energy or the reduction of armaments has been slow. On October 24, however, the President of the United States suggested a new approach to this subject. He proposed the consolidation in one body of the activities of the two separate commissions set up by the United Nations to deal with these problems. The General Assembly on December 13 initiated steps looking toward this end. In the economic and social field, the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Economic and Social Council provided for the appointment of an Agent General for Relief and Rehabilitation in Korea. The General Assembly also made provision for the continuation of the Palestine relief program, including the establishment of a reintegration fund. The technical assistance program of the United Nations is gathering momentum with major emphasis being placed on agriculture, health, education, and public administration programs in underdeveloped areas. The General Assembly has established an Office of High Commissioner for Refugees to provide protection for refugees in countries of resettlement until they acquire a nationality. Steps have been taken in the Trusteeship Council toward settlement of many controversial issues in the African Trust Territories. In the Caribbean area and in the South Pacific, regional commissions representing the administering powers concerned are making progress in dealing with economic and social problems of the dependent territories. REGIONAL GROUPINGS The work of the United Nations is being substantially buttressed by the maturing programs of the Organization of American States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Support of these organizations is fundamental to our policy. In this hemisphere, the accomplishments of the Organization of American States in promoting unity of action have been outstanding. Progress in this respect is continuing. On the initiative of the United States, a consultative meeting of the ministers of foreign affairs of the American Republics has been called to convene in Washington on March 26, 1951. This will be an emergency meeting of the foreign ministers, in contrast to the regular inter-American conferences held every 5 years. Similar emergency meetings have been held three times previously-at Panama in 1939 after the outbreak of World War II, at Habana in 1940 after the independent nations of Western Europe had been overrun, and at Rio de Janeiro in 1942 following United States entry into war. At the present time, the United States, having embarked on a program of urgent mobilization for the common defense, desires to consult with its fellow members in the interAmerican community on the threat to the free world. The request |