national force which they would be willing to maintain for use by the United Nations; and by providing that if the Security Council was prevented from action by the veto of any action, the General Assembly would immediately take up the issue and then action would be taken upon the basis of the recommendation made by the General Assembly. That offered a new field, a greater opportunity for the development of collective-enforcement procedures of the United Nations, and the procedure will be developed by committees established by the General Assembly, the Collective Measures Committee. Things of that kind, I think, are achievements of tremendous importance. They required weeks and months of work following the beginning of the Korean case. UNITED NATIONS TROOPS IN KOREA Mr. PRESTON. All right, let us take up another phase of this matter. Does your Bureau concern itself with the proposition of encouraging member nations to provide as many troops as possible for the United Nations effort in Korea? Mr. SANDIFER. Yes. Mr. PRESTON. Does that come under the jurisdiction of your Bureau? Mr. SANDIFER. Yes; we have a joint responsibility in that with the geographical bureaus, particularly the Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs. Mr. PRESTON. How do you account for the fact that you have been able to get less than an average of a thousand troops per nation to join our forces in Korea? Mr. SANDIFER. We have actually-do you want the total figures? I could explain that if you wish. Mr. PRESTON. I have those. There are some 40,000 troops in addition to ours, of the United Nations, which is less than 1,000 per country. Mr. SANDIFER. That is not as much as we would like to have them supply. Mr. PRESTON. What I want to know, and what I think American people want to know, is why should our troops do it all? Mr. SANDIFER. One of the answers is that in a good many of these countries they have commitments in other areas. Mr. PRESTON. Yes; we know about that too. Mr. SANDIFER. And there is the feeling that it would not be wise. in the case of some countries having large numbers of forces to withdraw their forces from their areas. For example, the French are heavily involved in Indochina. Mr. Preston. We know that the French are. Mr. SANDIFER. Yes. Mr. PRESTON. But what about Latin America? Mr. SANDIFER. We do not have any troops in the area from Latin America as yet. We have acceptance from Colombia; Colombia has a ground force that is on the way. I do not think they have arrived as yet. Cuba the authorities of Cuba are supplying some. I think those are the only two that have been specifically accepted. We are negotiating with other Latin-American countries at the present time. Mr. PRESTON. It seems to me that one of the primary responsibilities of the Bureau of United Nations Affairs is to use whatever means are available to get a respresentative number of troops from the different member nations instead of just figuring out the costs of the United Nations. Mr. SANDIFER. We fully agree that there should be more. OPINION OF AMERICAN PUBLIC Mr. PRESTON. I want to say this, and I do not know what you people here want, but I think I know what the people of this country feel, because we people in Congress come close to knowing the public sentiment of the people of this Nation. Mr. SANDIFER. Yes, sir. Mr. PRESTON. I think we know public sentiment. Mr. SANDIFER. Yes, sir. Mr. PRESTON. And the American people are dissatisfied, highly dissatisfied with the fact that we have had to provide such a big proportion of the forces that are being used Korea to carry on the program of enforcement of the United Nations. Mr. SANDIFER. Yes, sir. Mr. PRESTON. The feeling is that the whole thing is being carried on through United States effort, and that the members of the United Nations have not seen fit to supply their portion of the forces, and that the United Nations has failed to live up to its obligation; that has become the feeling of many, that they are not living up to their obligation to provide a suitable number of troops to bolster up our efforts in Korea. That should certainly call for some very vigorous action on the part of your bureau. Mr. SANDIFER. I realize that, Mr. Chairman; it is a very serious problem. I think there is greater contribution than is generally realized. I do not defend it as being a large enough contribution, but there are 13 countries with troops, including the air and naval forces, in addition to the ground forces, and those troops have been giving a very good account of themselves. Mr. PRESTON. Indeed they have, and we are proud of what they are doing, but the fact of the matter is there are not enough of them. Mr. SANDIFER. We are making every effort to increase the contribution of other countries. Mr. PRESTON. That is a general statement. I want to know what you people are doing in the way of calling on members of the United Nations and letting them know that you feel that they are not performing their obligation to the United Nations effort in this regard? Mr. SANDIFER. May I say something off the record? Mr. PRESTON. If you wish. (Off record discussion.) PERSONNEL ADDED Mr. MARSHALL. Of the positions that you listed here, 244, just how many of those are filled at the present time? Mr. SANDIFER. I think most of them are. I think there are about 230 Mr. MEYER. Two hundred and thirty-seven. Mr. ROONEY. Let me interrupt you right there. Last year, according to the justifications we had before us, you asked for 221 positions and an amount of $1,186,305 for fiscal year 1951. At that time you told us you were reducing by eight the personnel authorized for 1950. How do you justify actually setting up 240 positions for 1951, and requesting 244 positions for 1952? Mr. WILBER. May I say that the request for 224 includes the Foreign Service officers, and the 221 Mr. ROONEY. The figure which includes 222? Mr. WILBER. The 221. Mr. ROONEY. All right, make it 224. Where did you get the 224 requested for 1951? According to the statement on page 167 of the justifications you have 240 positions. Mr. SANDIFER. Mr. Chairman, those additions, the difference in those positions and those that we had, is because they were found necessary by administrative action during the course of the fiscal year, because of the increased workload as a result of conditions that I have pointed out. Mr. ROONEY. You just went ahead and added some 16 employees? Mr. SANDIFER. Sixteen. Mr. ROONEY. Where did you get them? Mr. SANDIFER. We got them through administrative action, allotment made for the purpose of covering Mr. ROONEY (interposing). Where did you get these employees? Mr. SANDIFER. Where did we get them? Mr. ROONEY. Yes. Did you just go out and recruit 16 more people on the outside? Mr. SANDIFER. Yes. We were within the total financial allotment of the Department. Mr. WILBER. A formal request was made to the Budget Officer. The full details of the requirements were laid before us, and we made a very careful examination, and upon investigation of the requirements, we increased the allotment for the office. PERSONNEL ADDITIONS THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION, Mr. ROONEY. Has there been similar action in the State Department as a whole; if so, where and how many? Mr. WILBER. Yes; there have been a number of them. Mr. ROONEY. What are the details? Mr. WILBER. I would have to go through the entire document to bring that out, but they were a similar type of action, due to the current requirements in the individual offices. We have had to make adjustments. Mr. ROONEY. Where did you get the money to pay them? Mr. WILBER. We had the money; we have had to reduce temporary help and otherwise make adjustments. Mr. ROONEY. I want a general statement in the record showing in what offices you added people such as you have here, and how many are involved, and where you got the money? Mr. WILBER. We will be glad to supply that. (The requested statement is as follows:) The following tabulations set forth a complete analysis of the changes which have been made between the 1951 column of the 1951 budget and the 1951 column of the 1952 budget. These tabulations consist of the following: 1. Summary analysis of personal services—Permanent positions. 3. Schedule B-Domestic positions analyzed on office basis, with footnotes. The first tabulation listed shows that, including the administrative staff adjustments, there are 427 fewer positions in the 1951 column of the 1952 budget than there were in the 1951 column of the 1951 budget, as follows: Domestic service... Foreign Service.......... Total____. +61 -488 427 SALARIES AND EXPENSES, DEPARTMENT OF STATE COMPARISON OF 1951 COLUMN 1 Comprises total annual rates shown for column, "New pay scale," on schedule B. |