Mr. FLOOD. The justification indicates there is an increase, insofar as man-years is concerned, of 154. The amount of the increase in dollars requested is $5,145,351. Perhaps the best way to examine this is by activities.

PRESS PROGRAM

If you will turn to page 527 of the justifications you will find the summary requirements by activities, beginning with, one, the press program. There the requested estimate for 1952 is $835,007, which is an increase requested of $154,657.

Who is going to address himself to that item?

Mr. DUNNING. I will, Mr. Chairman. I am John L. Dunning, Chief of the International Press and Publications Division.

Mr. FLOOD. Very well, Mr. Dunning, will you explain to us, beginning with the press program, what the press program comprises and why you suggest such an increase?

Mr. DUNNING. The press program, Mr. Chairman, consists of three major types of activities. The program is shown that way, and the Division is organized that way.

First, the press program is comprised of written material for foreign newspapers and magazines, in which we take advantage of the assistance of the press to supply fast information about the United States, and the feature material and special articles which are carefully tailored to individual countries.

In that program is included also such of the photographic programs as reach the foreign press. We are now placing approximately 2,000 full-sized newspaper pages per month of news, features, and photographs throughout the world.

PRESS PROGRAM FEATURES

Mr. FLOOD. What is the outstanding feature of the press program? Mr. DUNNING. I think the outstanding feature is the Wireless Bulletin, Mr. Flood.

Mr. FLOOD. What other features do you have?

Mr. DUNNING. In addition to the Wireless Bulletin, which, of course, sends daily news material to 57 missions around the world for

distribution to the press, we supplement that with what we call press features which break down into two types of materials: One, the articles taken from the American press and publications. We get copyright clearance for the best articles from American newspapers and magazines and distribute those to foreign publications to reprint. That is an enormously successful service, and, in fact, this year, as we intensify our program, we have left to that Division the major job of telling the slow, long-range story of the United States.

The other type of feature we call the Air Bulletin, which carries short items which can be placed in newspapers, and to some extent magazines, overseas. That, this year, is being broken up into specialized subjects: Service to labor publications, economic material for business papers, as well as the more general type of material for the press as a whole.

INCREASE IN SERVICES

Mr. FLOOD. Is there anything you are doing this year that is different from what you did during the last fiscal year, either as to services, materials, or any other kind of service?

Mr. DUNNING. We have increased the services to the individual countries on questions concerning those countries, such as turning over a destroyer to Turkey.

Mr. FLOOD. Increased it to what extent?

Mr. DUNNING. One hundred percent over what we were doing 6 months ago.

Mr. FLOOD. What were you doing 6 months ago?

Mr. DUNNING. I can give you those figures in a moment.

In terms of wordage, we were sending out in the fiscal year 1950, 6,700,000 words a year. In the first 7 months

Mr. BARRETT. That is specialized material.

Mr. DUNNING. This is all specialized material. In the first 7 months of this year we had sent out almost 13 million words.

Mr. FLOOD. Did you determine the selection of the specialized material and the target; how is that done?

Mr. DUNNING. We have a section called the Mission Service Section, which is broken down into target desks for each area of the world. A small staff of people watches out particularly for material for each area and answers a great many requests. When we get requests from the field we immediately send out material in answer to such requests.

SOURCE OF REQUESTS FOR MATERIAL

Mr. FLOOD. Do those requests come to you from the chiefs of missions and the missions and from persons in the field as well as from foreign areas?

Mr. DUNNING. I think they all come to us through some source in the field. Some of them are based on special requests; some are requests from foreign editors. We get many requests from Ambassadors who see some local situation that needs correcting, some local story that should be set right.

Mr. FLOOD. When you get a request from some foreign person, through a Foreign Service mission, dealing with any particular local problem in which he requests aid or information you direct your attention to that; do you?

Mr. DUNNING. Yes.

Mr. FLOOD. The Service Unit is a service and assistance to the foreign mission?

Mr. DUNNING. Yes; that is correct. The entire service is built around filling requests and filling the needs.

PERSONNEL

Mr. ROONEY. Is there any increase in the number of positions for 1952?

Mr. DUNNING. There is none. The increase shown here is a matter of projecting the larger staff that we now have on a full year's basis. Mr. FLOOD. How long have you had your larger staff?

Mr. DUNNING. We have built steadily since last fall. We will have it completed within 60 days, at the most, and perhaps within less time. Mr. FLOOD. You will have a full complement of personnel in all categories?

Mr. DUNNING. Yes.

Mr. FLOOD. Within 60 days?

Mr. DUNNING. Subject to slight turn-over. It is impossible to keep every position filled.

Mr. WILBER. The staff growing out of the supplemental

Mr. FLOOD. As a result of whatever has been done, your personnel is about to be put at the peak load in 60 days; is that correct? Mr. DUNNING. That is correct.

Mr. FLOOD. On page 530 of the justifications I find indicated an increase of $85,145 due to a smaller lapse in the budget year. This leaves a difference between $85,145 and $154,657 as the increase suggested for the coming year. How would it balance out? Suppose you turn to page 531: I find an increase of $11,012 in travel. How do you account for the increase in travel in this type of program?

INCREASE IN TRAVEL

Mr. DUNNING. That is in the press program. A larger program of service, concentrating on individual needs, requires a great deal of travel around the country, following visitors to this country, so that their visit to the United States can be properly covered back to their own country.

Mr. FLOOD. Are you expecting more visitors or are you going to have more reporters following them?

Mr. DUNNING. We are going to be doing work on a more intensive scale for a full year.

PRESS COVERAGE OF FOREIGN DIGNITARIES

Mr. FLOOD. Mr. X comes from Y country, representing UIT; what do you do about that?

Mr. DUNNING. We have a reporter in New York to cover his landing and any statement that he makes, and any statements made by our people to him that would be of interest.

Mr. FLOOD. What do you do when you get this matter?

Mr. DUNNING. That material is immediately cabled back to the mission concerned and occasionally to other missions in countries nearby.

Mr. FLOOD. To what missions concerned?

Mr. DUNNING. To our own mission, and it is given out to newspapers immediately. In addition to that, we take photographs of him and get a press photograph to that country as fast as we can get it out, and in some cases they are made into pamphlets. Here is an example of that. Here is a pamphlet which was put out in Chile o' the occasion of the visit of the President of Chile.

Mr. FLOOD. Who puts that out?

Mr. DUNNING. The Information Service office.
Mr. FLOOD. Who was it prepared by?

Mr. DUNNING. That was prepared in Santiago-
Mr. FLOOD. Prepared by your own people there?
Mr. DUNNING. Prepared by our own people.
Mr. FLOOD. And what do you do with it?

Mr. DUNNING. That is distributed to the country-throughout the country, and in rural areas.

Mr. FLOOD. In what language is it?

Mr. DUNNING. This is in Spanish. It has pictures of his entire trip, with incidents of his trip in the United States. It has material from speeches made to him and made by him.

Mr. FLOOD. The President of France is coming here in a few weeks. What are you going to do about that?

Mr. DUNNING. Very much this same sort of thing. We will be sending back, every day that he is here, statements from his speeches or photographs, excerpts of things which he says and things that are said about him, and said to him, emphasizing America's cooperation with France.

Mr. FLOOD. Where is that sent?

Mr. DUNNING. It will be sent to Paris. In this case, it will be sent not only to France but to French areas in the rest of the worldand we send some of it to North Africa.

Mr. BARRETT. The distribution is gotten out through the press releases.

Mr. FLOOD. When you say you send it back to the countries, you mean you send it back to the chief of mission, in whatever country it is sent back, and in this particular case, with reference to the President of France, do you send it back to the chief of mission and also to the consulates, indicating what he is doing and what he says, so that the Embassy will be informed?

Mr. DUNNING. Yes; they get a continuous report from the people who are actually in charge of these operations. We consult with every mission, and when requests are received for material, that is cleared through the chief of mission.

COOPERATION WITH CHIEF OF MISSIONS

Mr. FLOOD. So that the chief of mission any place has complete knowledge of what is being done and is advised on every suggestion made by you, or to you, at any time. Do you know of any occasion where there has been complaint through lack of such cooperation? Mr. DUNNING. I do not know of any serious complaint. Mr. FLOOD. What do you mean by serious?

Mr. DUNNING. Well, inevitably, cases will arise where a mission would like to get more material than is physically possible to give.

They would like to have material concerning things that do not happen. They wish they could have more than they can possibly get. They want more material concerning their areas-coverage of American editorial comments on foreign situations which are of immense value to them; they want to get that material back often by special cable.

Mr. FLOOD. What is the best job you did last year anyplace?

Mr. DUNNING. I think the best job had to do with Korea, the opening of the Korean War, which was last June.

We have also done a very intensive job on General Eisenhower on his whole North Atlantic trip-General Eisenhower's tour of Europe and his report to the Congress back here.

Mr. FLOOD. In activities like that are you concerned that material concerning what General Eisenhower does and says goes to the missions throughout the world; do you make an effort to see that it goes to everybody in the missions?

Mr. DUNNING. That is right, Mr. Flood, in varying quantities, with more of it going to Europe than to other countries. The countries are carefully selected so as not to burden or overburden them with features or minor news items which would be of more interest to some other country.

TRIP TO AFRICA AND THE NEAR EAST

Mr. FLOOD. On page 531 of the justifications I see where you are going to have a trip to Africa and near-eastern points to supervise the installation of the radio-teletype reception equipment?

Mr. DUNNING. Yes.

Mr. FLOOD. What kind of a trip is that; how many people are going to go on that trip, and what are they going for?

Mr. DUNNING. That particular trip will be made by one person who will install the radio-teletype reception equipment.

Mr. FLOOD. Do you not have anybody over in Paris or London who can do that job?

Mr. DUNNING. This is some special equipment on which we have been working. A staff engineer has been working on this equipment, and we feel it is necessary for this individual to go over there. In each place he will find a local man to carry on, showing him the simple adjustments, but it is important, we feel, to send someone who knows the machinery thoroughly to make the arrangements for the local service.

Mr. FLOOD. You do not have anybody in London or in Paris who could be sent there to install this equipment; you do not have anyone with this kind of technique who could be sent out of London or Paris?

Mr. DUNNING. Well they are pretty badly needed where they are. We have two people who have been working with the teletype reception equipment in different points. Actually, however, by sending this same engineer from here to Latin America, where he installed the first machines, we have been able to make considerable improvements on the use of the equipment in Latin America by virtue of his observations. And he can make the selection of the local people; that is the main point. This is a relatively new operation to be used with a minimum of trouble in the field.