to during the Indian expedition of Bacchus on being surrounded by a numerous army; namely, ordering his men suddenly to raise a simultaneous shout, which, favoured by the echoes of a rocky valley, had the appearance of so augmenting their numbers that the enemy were inspired by terror and instantly took to flight.

Panis, bread; as, pantry, pannier. A companion is one who eats bread with us. Comrade (from the Latin contubernalis?) is one who occupies the same chamber with you.

"Ah! wretched and too solitary he Who loves not his own company! He'll feel the weight of it many a day, Unless he call in sin or vanity, To help to bear 't away."-Cowley. Papyrus (Gr.), an Egyptian plant, the inner bark of which was used for making paper. Paper is said to have been invented in China, 170 B. C. It was first made of cotton, about A. D. 1000; and of rags in 1319. White coarse paper was made by Sir John Speilman, a German, at Dartford, Kent, in 1590. It was there in the reign of Elizabeth, that the first paper-mill in England

was erected.

Par, equal; as, pair, inseparable, comparison.

Paradeisos (Gr.), a garden or part; as, paradise, imparadised. The word is chiefly used by us as signifying the abode in which Adam and Eve were placed by the Creator.

Paradox. See p. 379.

Pario, I bring forth; as, parent. Parler (Fr.), to speak; as, parley, parlour, parlance; parley, oral conversation; parlour, a room for family conversation; Parliament, a place for talking-the great council of the British Nation. Pars, partis, a part; as, parse, dispart, partial, impartial. "All mist from thence purge and disperse."-Milton. Pastor, a shepherd; as, pasture, pastoral. "If aught of oaten stop, or pastoral song,

May hope, O pensive Eve, to soothe

thine ear,

Like thy own modest springs,
Thy springs and dying gales."
Collins.

Pater, a father; as, paternal. Paternal, belonging to a father; patrimony, what is left by a father; patriarch, one who rules in right of being father (oldest) of a tribe; patriot, one who loves his father land; parricide, one who kills

his father; patricians, descendants o the Roman senators, or fathers. Paternoster, another name for the Lord's Prayer, being the first two words of the prayer in the Latin.

Pathos, feeling; as, sympathy, apathy. "Burke's eulogium on the Queen of France is a masterpiece of pathetic composition."-Robert Hall.

Patior, I suffer; as, patient, patience. Patria, one's native country; as, patriot, patriotism.

"Patriots have toiled, and in their country's cause

Bled nobly."-Cowper.

Peculium (diminutive of pecus, a flock), a little flock, probably what the shepherd was allowed to keep for himself; as, peculate, peculiar, peculiarity. "Some I have chosen of peculiar grace, Elect above the rest; so is my will." Milton.

Pello, I drive; pulsus, driven; as, expel, appeal, impulse, repel. "A state, acting out of itself, is mostly either repelling violence, or exercising it upon others."-Arnold.

Pendo, I hang; pensus, hung; as, pendulum, pensive, dispensation, perpendicular, suspend.

"He stood at pleasure 'neath heaven's
zenith, like

A lamp suspended from its azure dome.'
Campbell.

Penè, almost; as, peninsula.
Penetro, I pierce; as, penetrate, impene-
trable.

Pes, pedis, a foot; as expedite, expeditious, pedestrian, pedestal. Our antipodes are those who stand feet to feet with us; that is, inhabit the opposite part of the earth; we have mid-day when they have midnight, and vice versâ. Peto, I ask; petitus, asked; as, repeat, petition, propitiate, competition, incompatible. "Let no one expect to combine the incompatible advantages of an honest straightforward course, and of a hollow insincere conduct."--Bailey. Phaino (Gr.), I show; as, epiphany, phantom, phantasm; phenomenon, plur. phenomena, any change in the appearance of things. The melting of wax, &c., is a phenomenon, and we speak of the phenomena of light, heat, electricity, &c. Sycophant is connected with this root also; it was forbidden by the laws of Athens to export figs, and informers against offenders were called sycophants-fig-showers; they

were of course very unpopular, and hence the word came to signify an informer or false accuser generally. In modern languages it has acquired the sense of a mean flatterer.

"She was a phantom of delight, When first she gleamed upon my sight; A lovely apparition, sent

To be a moment's ornament."

Wordsworth.

Phemi (Gr.), I speak; as, prophet, pro

phetical, prophesy. Philos (Gr.), a lover; as philosopher, philanthropist, Philadelphia, philologist. Pythagoras first adopted the name " philosopher," about 528 B.C. Formerly such men had been called sages or wise men ; but Pythagoras did not so much profess to have attained wisdom as to be anxious to attain it. The word philosophy is now used as signifying "the sum total of systematic human knowledge."

"How charming is divine Philosophy! Not harsh and crabbed, as dull fools suppose,

But musical as is Apollo's lute,

And a perpetual feast of nectared sweets, Where no crude surfeit reigns."-Milton. Physis (Gr.), nature; as, physic, physiognomy. Physiognomy is the art of interpreting the indications of the inward disposition, supposed to be offered by the outward appearance, especially the features of the face.

Pilgrim (Fr. pelerin), a wanderer; as pilgrimage, from the Latin peregrinus, a foreigner, a stranger. A pilgrimage is a journey undertaken for devotional purposes to some spot hallowed by religious associations. The earliest pilgrimage on record is perhaps that of Helena, the wife of Constantine, to the Holy Land. The system is likewise established in Arabia, Persia, and India, but the steam-engine will eventually supersede it.

"A true devoted pilgrim is not weary To measure kingdoms with his feeble steps."-Shakspeare.

Pingo, I paint; pictus, painted; as picture, depaint, depict.

Plantagenet, p. 116.

Plecto, I fold; as, plait, complex, complexion.

Plenus, full; as, plenitude, plenty, replenish.

Pleo, I fill; as, complete, exploit, accomplish.

Plico, I fold; as, implicate, applicable, implicit, inexplicable.

Pluma, a feather; as, plumed. Poetes (Gr.), a maker or creator; as, poet, poetical.

'Blessings be with them and eternal praise,

Who give us nobler loves and nobler cares-the Poets."-Wordsworth.

Poleo (Gr.), I sell; as, monopoly, bibliopole.

Polis (Gr.), a city; as police, metropolis, necropolis.

Polys (Gr.), many: as, polygamy, polytheism, Polynesia.

Pompè (Gr.), a grand procession; as, pomp, pompous.

"The heavens and all the constellations rung,

The planets in their station listening stood,

While the bright pomp ascended jubilant."- Milton.

Pondus, ponderis, a weight; as, ponderous; ponder, to weigh mentally; pound, a specific weight; pounder, a gun that carries a bullet of so many pounds, as a ten-pounder; poise, to balance. Pono, I place; positus, placed; as, depone, position. Portfolio, p. 16.

Portio, a part; as, portion, apportion, proportionate.

"Then lands were fairly portioned;
Then spoils were fairly sold;
The Romans were like brothers
In the brave old days of old."

Macaulay.

522

precarious, what is to be prayed for; depending on the will of another, and therefore uncertain.

Primus, first; as, primary, primrose; prime, early, first rate; to prime, to put the first powder in the pan; primer, a first book for children; premier, the first minister of State; primate, the chief ecclesiastic in a church; primrose, the first flower in spring. Princeps, the chief; as, prince, principal. Privilegium, exemption from any duty; as, privilege.

Privo, I take away; as, deprive, privation.

Privus, one's own; as, private, privacy, privateer, p. 288.

Prosperus, successful; as prosperous, prosperity.

quire, inquisitive. Exquisite, what has been sought out with great care, and therefore excellent.

"Peace, brother; be not over exquisite To cast the fashion of uncertain evils; For grant they be so, while they rest unknown,

What need a man forestall his date of grief,

And run to meet what he would most avoid?"-Milton.

Qualis, such; as, quality, qualify. Quatio, I shake; quassus, in compounds; cussus, shaken; as, discuss, concussion. "Free and fair discussion will ever be found the firmest friend to truth."Dr. G. Campbell.

Queror, I complain; as, querulous.

have assured us."-Milton. Protestant. The Emperor Charles V. called a diet at Spiers in 1529, and at it certain of the German princes protested against a decree having for its object to discourage Luther. The general bond of union among Protestants, a term which embraces many more than the followers of Luther, Calvin, or Zuingle, is the assertion of the right of private judgment and the rejection of any ultimate authority, as to matters of belief, in any man or body of men. Proximus, next; as, proximity, approach, approximation. All calm inquiry, conducted among those who have their main principles of judgment in common, leads, if not to an approximation of views, yet, at least, to an increase of sympathy."-Arnold.

Puer, a boy; as puerile, puerility. Punctum, a point: as puncture, punc

tuation. "A point, punctum, is the centre or fixing spot at which, by means of a sharp instrument, anything is held to its place. Ap is ad to, Dis means separation, division, partition; and so expresses the negative of what is positive in the word to which it is affixed, like the sign minus in algebraic notation. To disappoint is therefore to unfix that which had been fastened to its place."Isaac Taylor.

Pyr (Gr.), fire; as, pyrometer, empyrean, pyramid.

"So sung they, and the empyrean rung With Halleluiahs."-Milton.

Quagmire, p. 258.

Q.

Quæro, I ask; quæsitus, sought; as, in

"So long, regardful of thy quiet rule, Shall fancy, friendship, science, smiling peace,

Thy gentlest influence own,
And love thy favourite name."
Collins.

Rabbi, p. 489.

R.

Radius, a ray; as, radiate, radiance. “The mind through all her powers irradiate." -Milton.

"Virtue could see to do, what Virtue would,

By her own radiant light, though sun and moon

Were in the flat sea sunk."-Idem. Rapio, I seize; as, rapture, rape, reap, rob, rapacious.

"Farewell, high chief of Scottish song! That couldst alternately impart Wisdom and rupture in thy page, And brand each vice with satire strong, Whose lines are mottoes of the heart, 1 Whose truths electrify the sage." Campbell. Rectus, straight; as, rectify, erect. Rego, I rule; as, rector, regent, incorrigible, directory.

Religio, a reading over and over; as, re-
ligion, religious. According to Cicero,
those who frequently perused thos
things which concerned the worship of
the gods, were called religious, from re-
legendo.

Rène (Fr.), the strap of a bridle; as, rein.
Repo, I creep; as, reptile.

Requiem, the accusative of a Latin noun, signifying rest. The term is applied to musical compositions performed in ho- I

nour of great men. The requiems of Mozart and Cherubini are well known. Requiescat in pace-May he rest in peace.

Rex, regis, a king; as, regal.
Rhapsodists, p. 198.

Rhinoceros (from Gr. piv, a nose, and képas, a horn), is the name of a genus of pachydermatous mammals, characterized by one or two horny productions upon the

nose.

Rideo, I laugh; as, deride, derision. Rigo, I water; as, irrigate, irrigation, irriguous.

"On the flowery lap

Of some irriguous valley spread her store,

Flowers of all hue, and without thorn the rose."-Milton.

Rivus, a river; as, rivulet, derivation, rival.

Robur, strength; as, robust, corroborate. Rogo, I ask; as, rogation, abrogate, interrogation.

Rudi

Rudis, wild; as, rude, erudite, i. e. brought out of a rude state, learned. ments, the first outlines of a subject. Rumpo, I break; ruptus, broken; as, disruption, rout, abrupt, corruptible. Rus, ruris, the country; as, rustic, rural. "By the solace of his own pure thoughts Upheld, he duteously pursued the round Of rural labours; the steep mountain side

Ascended with his staff and faithful dog; The plough he guided and the scythe he swayed;

And the ripe corn before his sickle fell Among the jocund reapers."

S.

Wordsworth.

Sacer, sacred; as, sacrifice, sacrificial, consecrated.

"I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls

The burial-ground God's acre! It is just;

It consecrates each grave within its walls,

And breathes a benison o'er the sleeping dust."-Longfellow.

Sagax, wise; as, sage, sagacity. Sal, salt; as, saline, salary. Salad, herbs dressed with salt and other ingredients. Saltus, a leap; as, assault, salmon, desultory.

Salvus, safe; as, salvation, salve.

Sanctus, holy; as, sanctification, saunter. Sanguis, blood; as, sanguine, sanguinary.

Sarx, sarcos (Gr.), flesh; as, sarcasm, sarcophagus. Sarcasm is a keen reproachful expression. "He saved others; Himself he cannot save."

Satis, enough; as satiate, insatiable, satiety.

"With thy clear keen joyance
Languor cannot be ;
Shadow of annoyance

Never came near thee:

Thou lovest, but ne'er knew love's sad satiety."-Shelley.

Satire. "The modern word satire is derived from the lanx satura, -a dish full of various fruits and herbs, which was carried in procession at the feasts of Ceres, whence the word came to signify a poem full of miscellaneous matter, without orderly method, and in this sense only it was probably employed by Lucilius, the first writer of satires: although the title so usurped by him was afterward only applied to poems of a similar character with his ownnamely, containing moral reflection, interspersed with critical touches, directed against real or imaginary personages."Brande.

Saturday, the seventh and last day of the week, takes its name from the old Roman god, Saturn.

Scando, I climb; as, ascend, descend, re

ascend.

"He who ascends to mountain tops shall find

The loftiest peaks most wrapped in clouds and snow."-Byron.

Scenè, or skene (Gr.), a stage; as, scene, scenery..

Schema (Gr.), a plan; as, scheme, schemer.

Scio, I know; science, omniscient. "Science is the knowledge of many, orderly and methodically digested and arranged, so as to become attainable by one"-Herschel.

Schooner (Ger.), a vessel with two masts. Scribo, I write, scriptus, written; as, describe, scripture, incription.

"EMIGRAVIT is the inscription on the tombstone where he lies.

Dead he is not, but departed, for the artist never dies."-Longfellow. Seco, I cut; sectus, cut; as, insect, intersect.

Sedeo, I sit; as, sedentary, assiduous, insidious. Insidious, is lit. watching like a cat for its prey. Assiduous, sitting like a hen on her eggs. Sentio, I feel; sensus, felt; as, sensation, sentient, sensitivity.

Seraglio, p. 19.

Servo, I keep; as, preservation, conservative.

Sido, I settle; as, subside.

Signo, I mark; as, sign, resign. To sign one's name, refers to the period when the great body of the people could not write, and were content to add the sign of the cross to what some other person had written for them. Alas! that it should still be literally true of so many of our people that they can only sign their names!

Similis, like; as, similarity, resemble. To simulate, to pretend to be what you are not; to dissemble, to pretend not to be what you really are.

Singuli, one by one; as, singular, singularity.

Sisto, I stop; as, resist.
Skipper (Dutch), a shipmaster.

"It was the schooner Hesperus,

That sailed the wintry sea; And the skipper had taken his little draught

To bear him company."-Longfellow. Socius, a companion; as, social, associate, society. "Every society-so much is implied in the very word-must have in it something of community." ."-Arnold. Solemnis, observed with ceremony; as, solemn, solemnize.

"Now fades the glimmering landscape on the sight,

And all the air a solemn stillness holds, Save where the beetle wheels his droning flight,

And drowsy tinklings lull the distant folds."-Gray.

Solicito, I ask earnestly; as, solicit, solicitous, solicitude.

Solus, alone; as, sole, solitude, desolation. "Little do men perceive what solitude is and how far it extendeth; for a crowd

is not company, and faces are but a gallery of pictures, and talk but a tinkling cymbal where there is no love." -Bacon.

Solvo, I loose; as, solvent, solution, absolution, resolute.

"And thou too, whosoe'er thou art, That readest this brief psalm,

As one by one thy hopes depart, Be resolute and calm."- -Longfellow. Sono, I sound; as, resound. Sordes, dirt, filth; as, sordid. Species, appearance; as, specific, especial, specialty. A specific character is that which peculiarly and certainly distinguishes one thing from another. Specio, I see; spectus, seen; as, spectacle, inspection, suspicious, spectre, spectator. "In this world God only and the angels may be spectators."-Bacon. Spero, I hope; as despair, desperation. "What reinforcement we may gain from hope,

If not, what resolution from despair.”
Milton.

Sphera (Gr.), a globe; as, hemisphere, atmosphere.

Spin (Sax.), spinner, spindle, spinster. Formerly women were not allowed to marry till they had spun a set of bed furniture, and they were consequently called spinsters till their wedding. The term is still used in legal proceedings. Spiro, I breathe; as, respire, perspiration, aspire, expire.

"He ill aspires to rule Cities of men, or headstrong multitudes, Subject himself to anarchy within."

Milton.

Stasis (Gr.), a standing; as, ecstasy; more rarely spelt extacy.

"Then let the pealing organ blow
To the full-voiced quire below,
In service high and anthems clear,
As may with sweetness through mine

ear

Dissolve me into extacies,

And bring all heaven before mine eyes.” Milton.

Statuo, I set up; as, statue, statute, destitute.

Stella, a star; as, constellation. Sterilis, barren; as sterile, sterility. Stigma, a mark or brand; as, stigma, stigmatize. A stigma is an impression such as that made by branding with a hot iron, Always used in the sense of branding with infamy.

Sto, I stand; as, stand, station, distant, stately, superstition, instantaneously.