Science and the Human Mind: A Critical and Historical Account of the Development of Natural KnowledgeLongmans, Green, and Company, 1912 - 304 頁 |
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advance æther ancient animals Aquinas Archimedes Aristotle Assyria astronomical atomic theory atoms Bacon became body caloric theory chemical chemical elements chemistry Christian Church civilization conception creation Darwin definite Descartes direct discovery divine doctrine dogma earth electric elements energy enquiry Europe evolution existence experiment experimental explain facts force Francis Bacon Galileo Greece Greek heat Hence human mind hypothesis ideas influence intellectual later laws Leonardo light mankind mathematical matter mechanical mechanical philosophy medicine medieval ment mental metaphysical method molecules motion mystical nations natural knowledge natural selection naturalists Neo-Platonism Newton Northern race observation once organs origin Origin of Species outlook particles passed phenomena philosophy phlogiston physical plants Plato possible principle problems Ptolemy radio-active reason religion religious Renaissance Roger Bacon Roman scheme scholasticism scientific sense-perceptions showed social species spirit substance theology theory thought tion traced Universe velocity
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第 211 頁 - I have steadily endeavoured to keep my mind free so as to give up any hypothesis, however much beloved (and I cannot resist forming one on every subject), as soon as facts are shown to be opposed to it.
第 214 頁 - That which we were looking for, and could not find, was a hypothesis respecting the origin of known organic forms, which assumed the operation of no causes but such as could be proved to be actually at work. We wanted, not to pin our faith to that or any other speculation, but to get hold of clear and definite conceptions which could be brought face to face with facts and have their validity tested. The ' Origin ' provided us with the working hypothesis we sought.
第 272 頁 - Every particle of matter attracts every other particle with a force proportional to the product of their masses, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
第 193 頁 - The object of the expedition was to complete the survey of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, commenced under Captain King in 1826 to 1830 — to survey the shores of Chile, Peru, and some islands in the Pacific — and to carry a chain of chronometrical measurements round the world.
第 210 頁 - The suggestion that new species may result from the selective action of external conditions upon the variations from their specific type which individuals present — and which we call "spontaneous...
第 121 頁 - But any one who is practically acquainted with scientific work is aware that those who refuse to go beyond fact, rarely get as far as fact; and any one who has studied the history of science knows that almost every great step therein has been made by the 'anticipation of Nature...
第 112 頁 - And you who say that it is better to look at an anatomical demonstration than to see these drawings, you would be right, if it were possible to observe all the details shown in these drawings in a single figure, in which, with all your ability, you will not see nor acquire a knowledge of more than some few veins, while, in order to obtain a true and perfect knowledge of these, I have dissected more than ten human bodies...
第 203 頁 - In the interpretation of nature, he remarks, "no powers are to be employed that are not natural to the globe, no action to be admitted of except those of which we know the principle, and no extraordinary events to be alleged in order to explain a common appearance.
第 44 頁 - According to convention there is a sweet and a bitter, a hot and a cold, and according to convention there is color. In truth there are atoms and a void.
第 215 頁 - If Darwin is right about natural selection — the discovery of this vera causa sets him to my mind in a different region altogether from all his predecessors — and I should no more call his doctrine a modification of Lamarck's than I should call the Newtonian theory of the celestial motions a modification of the Ptolemaic system. Ptolemy imagined a mode of explaining those motions. Newton proved their necessity from the laws and a force demonstrably in operation.