Ocean Currents of Planetary Scale and Other Questions of Ocean Dynamics: Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (POLYMODE); Southern Ocean Studies; Research in Numerical Models. Geochemistry and Marine Chemistry of the World Ocean and Geochemical Ocean Sections Studies (GEOSECS). Geological and Geophysical Investigations of the World Ocean Including DeepSea Drilling for Scientific Purposes: Deep-Sea Drilling; Trans-Atlantic Geophysical Traverse (TAG); North West Pacific Plate Dynamics; Configuration of the Second Layer of Ocean Floor and the Origin of Magnetic Anomalies. Biological Productivity of the World Ocean and the Biochemistry of the Functioning of Individual Organisms and Whole Biological Communities in the World Ocean: Marine Ecological Systems and Biological Productivity. Intercalibration and Standardization of Oceanographic Instrumentation and Methods. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Application of Computers to Management: Econometric Modeling; Computer Analysis Applied to the Economics and Management of Large Systems; Application of Computers to the Management of Large Cities; Theoretical Foundation for the Design, Development, and Production of Software; Computer-aided Refinement of Decision-Making of High-Ranking Executives. Chemical Catalysis: Catalysis by Coordination Complexes and Organometallic Compounds; Catalytic Reactor Modeling; In-depth Study of Selected Catalytic Systems; Life Support Systems; Environmental Control. Electrometallurgy: Electroslag Technology (Melting and Casting; Welding); Plasma-Arc Melting of Metallic Materials; Electron-Beam Evaporation of Metallic and Non-Metallic Materials in Vacuum; Investigation and Development of New Welding Materials for General and Special Applications; Determination and Analysis of Engineering Properties, and Quality Assessment; Solid State Joining. Forestry Research and Technology: Effective Methods and Means of Detection, Prevention and Control of Forest Fires; Integrated Control of Forest Insects and Diseases; Classification of Forest Biogeocenosis (ecosystems) and Determination of Their Biological Potential; Development of Improved Technological Processes of Forest Harvesting; Reforestation and Afforesta tion. Intellectual Property. Metrology: Intercomparison of Pressure Standards; Intercomparison of Transportable Volt Standards; Intercomparison of Standards for Ionizing Radiation; Intercomparison of Laser Wavelengths; Intercomparison of Thermocouples; Intercomparison of Thermoelectric Voltage Converters; Refinement of Physical Constants; Automated Information and Control Systems in Standardization; Use of Computers for Control of the Process of Standardization; Standard Reference Data. Microbiology: Development of Technology for Industrial Production of Food and Feed Proteins by Microbial Means; Engineering Research and Development of Instrumentation and Methods for the Computerized Simulation, Design and Control of Processes for Microbial Technology; Molecular Biology for Industrial Microorganisms; Development of Methods of Producing and Using Enzymes and Other Biologically Active Substances for Agriculture; Microbiological Control of Pests of Agricultural Crops. Physics: Solid State Theory; Theoretical Relativistic Astrophysics. Science Policy; Planning and Administration of R&D; Financing R&D; Training and Utilization of Scientific and Engineering Technical Personnel; Stimulating the Development of Fundamental Research. S&T Information: Development and Testing of Common Communications Format for Bibliographic Data Exchange; Improving Methods of Forecasting Information Requirements and Services; Estimating Costs and Benefits of Information Services. Standardization. Water Resources: Planning, Utilization and Management of Water Resources; Cold-Weather Construction Techniques; Methods and Means of Automation and Remote Control in Water Resource Systems; Plastics in Construction. Appollo-Soyuz Test Project. Satellite Meteorology. Rocket Meteorology. Space Biology and Medicine. Space Science. SPACE The Study of the Natural Environment. TRANSPORTATION Transport Construction: Bridge Structures; Transportation Tunnels. Civil Aviation: Airworthiness Standards and Certification Procedures; Air Traffic Control; Non-Visual Landing Systems; Methods of Gathering, Processing and Analyzing Data on Aircraft Accidents and Incidents, and What Causes Them for Increasing the Level of Safety in Civil Aviation; Training of Specialists for Civil Aviation; Utilization of Aviation in Agriculture, Construction, and Other Fields; Assuring Safety of Passengers, Aircraft, and Cargo. Marine Transport: Requirements for Safety of Life at Sea; Ice Transiting Techniques and Technology; Organization and Technology of Ocean Commerce; Commercial Ship Equipment, Crew Training, and Human Factors: Joint Study of Ocean Wave Spectra and of Loads in Ships Body Elements at Sea. Automobile Transport: Training of Automobile Drivers and Licensing Requirements; Dissemination of Information Concerning Traffic Laws and Regulations. Transport Facilitation: Simplification and Standardization of Transport Documentation and Procedures for Trade; Identical Interpretation of Standard Commodity Descriptions and Their Codes; Development and Implementation of Cargo Data Interchange Systems. Transport of the Future. Urban Transportation. Id. 182. House Comm. on International Relations Comm. Print prepared by the Cong. Research Service of the Library of Cong., 95th Cong., 1st Sess., Technology Transfer and Scientific Cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union: A Review (1977). On April 6, 1977, Arthur A. Hartman, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs, and Rudolf Ronai, President of the Hungarian Institute of Cultural Relations, signed an Agreement on Cooperation in Culture, Education, Science and Technology. The Agreement would upon entry into force provide that the United States and Hungary shall encourage, inter alia, exchanges and cooperation in the arts, culture, education, the humanities, literature, and social sciences as well as in science and technology. A separate article of the Agreement calls for the encouragement of cooperation between the sports organizations of the two countries. The Agreement is to be implemented by periodic two-year working programs to be concluded in the cultural, educational, scientific, and technological fields. The Agreement enters into force upon the date of written notification from the Government of the Hungarian People's Republic to the U.S. Government that the Agreement has been approved by the Hungarian Government. Dept. of State Press Release No. 167 (Apr. 6, 1977). U.S.-Bulgaria On June 13, 1977, Lyudmila Zhivkova, Chairperson of Bulgaria's Committee for Art and Culture, and Joseph D. Duffey, Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, signed a U.S.-Bulgarian Agreement on Exchanges and Cooperation in Cultural, Scientific, Educational, Technological and Other Fields. Along with the Agreement on Exchanges and Cooperation, Assistant Secretary Duffey and Chairperson Zhivkova also signed a detailed program document encouraging direct exchange between private institutions and providing for the exchange of specialists, international visitors, university lecturers, official exhibits and performing arts groups. Articles I through V of the Agreement encourage exchanges and cooperation in the following areas: education, the humanities and social sciences; arts, culture, communications, sports and similar fields; pure and applied science and technology; cooperative research, joint seminars, and scientific visits; and travel. Article VI indicates that representatives of the United States and Bulgaria will meet to review activities and make recommendations. Article VII subjects the exchanges and cooperation engaged in pursuant to the Agreement to the Constitution and applicable laws of the respective countries. The Agreement enters into force upon an exchange of notes between the parties indicating that the Agreement has been approved by their competent authorities. Dept. of State Press Release 271 (June 13, 1977). Multilateral Agreements Organization of American States Convention On August 23, 1977, Terence A. Todman, Assistant Secretary for Inter-American Affairs, Department of State, sent a note to Ambassador Rodolfo Silva, Chairman of the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States, concerning the Convention on the Protection of the Archaeological, Historical, and Artistic Heritage of American Nations adopted by a resolution of the Organization of American States on June 16, 1976. The note signed by Assistant Secretary Todman explained why the United States had not signed this OAS Convention and why the United States supports the Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer Ownership of Cultural Property adopted on November 14, 1970, at the 16th Session of the UNESCO General Conference. Portions of the note by Assistant Secretary Todman follow: My government understands the reason for interest in its position. Certainly no system intended to control the international movement of cultural property can be effective without the full participation of all states which might provide either a source or a market for such items, and the United States is one of the major art markets in the hemisphere. However, the same logic which indicates the importance of U.S. support for an inter-American approach to this problem suggests the need for the cooperation of countries outside the interAmerican system as well. We must all recognize that trafficking in stolen art, whether it be pre-Columbian or more modern, transcends the boundaries of this hemisphere. A regional approach cannot offer more than a partial solution to this problem. For this reason, the United States believes strongly that our first priority should be to implement a global strategy to prevent the illicit import, export, and transfer of ownership of cultural property. In our view, the convention adopted by UNESCO in 1970 establishes the necessary basic framework for any such system. The United States worked closely with Mexico and the Latin American caucus at UNESCO to develop this convention, and we believe it can attract the support of those countries throughout the globe whose cooperation is necessary to make it effective. We are pleased to note that seven Latin American countries have already ratified the UNESCO convention, and the United States is moving to join them. The U.S. Senate gave its advice and consent to ratification of the convention in 1972, and the Congress is presently considering a bill which would provide the necessary implementing legislation. When enacted, the United States will deposit its instrument of ratification. My government believes that we should give the UNESCO program an opportunity to prove itself before considering a purely regional approach. After it has been in effect for a significant period. we will be in a position to judge the usefulness and necessity of additional regional restrictions. However, my government does not feel that the present OAS cultural property convention could offer a viable regional approach. We believe the convention adopted by the Sixth General Assembly is too broad in scope and rigid in its enforcement provisions. It would effectively prohibit the import and export of an enormous range of cultural materials-without regard for their value or cul tural importance and place principal enforcement responsibility on the importing state. Under the terms of the convention, the importing state would be under the same obligation to use all legal means to obtain recovery, whether an item is an insignificant piece purchased by an unwitting tourist or a stolen museum treasure. We do not believe this type of total prohibition is either workable or wise. In our view, it would impose an administrative burden on regional customs services which no state can be expected to accept and would also encourage the continued growth of a black market. Moreover, at the same time we must recognize the importance of the exchange of cultural materials and the need to liberalize export controls to allow for greater movement of such items abroad under circumstances in which such movement does not jeopardize the cultural patrimony of the country of origin. Art treasures, from whatever era or culture form, are the heritage of mankind and should be shared with all those who appreciate them. We hope that the other members of the Organization of American States which have not yet ratified the UNESCO convention will study it with a view toward early ratification. The sooner we implement a worldwide system to curb the sale of stolen cultural treasures, the sooner we can stop the outflow of precious items from the Americas-a goal we all share. OEA/Ser. G., CP/INF.1173/77, Aug. 26, 1977. The text of the OAS Convention may be found in 15 International Legal Materials 1350-1355 (1976) and in Organization of American States, Proceedings of the General Assembly, Sixth Regular Sess., Santiago, Chile, June 4-18, 1976, Vol. I. The text of the UNESCO Convention may be found in S. Ex. Print B, 92d Cong., 2d Sess. Regional Cooperation CSCE Principles (Helsinki Final Act) On May 19, 1977, Joseph D. Duffey, Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, made a statement before the U.S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe on the effect of the Helsinki Final Act on educational and cultural exchanges between the United States and other signatory states to the Final Act, especially the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries. Excerpts from his statement follow: * * * The Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the Department of State has been conducting reciprocal exchanges of persons with the Soviet Union and some countries of Eastern Europe for many years. With the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Poland, and Romania we have had comprehensive programs since the late 1950's and early 1960's. These programs have been carried out pursuant to the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 (Fulbright-Hays Act). They include not only the traditional exchanges of students, researchers, teachers, and professors, but also leaders |