of emergence as independent nations of a number of countries who had not previously been in control of their own affairs and of the fresh problem created by the advance of Communist imperialism to the borders of the area. The ministers expressed the firm intention of encouraging and supporting these new governments. They consider that the region as a whole is economically underdeveloped and that it is desirable that all governments in the region should collaborate to intensify measures of development designed to raise the general standard of living.

They are agreed as to the seriousness of the situation and informed each other regarding the steps each were taking in discharge of their respective responsibilities in the area. Among other measures the ministers decided to coordinate their efforts to prevent the smuggling of arms into the area and to take every opportunity of exposing the aims and methods of Communist imperialism which, whilst pretending to encourage Nationalist movements, is in fact seeking to control and exploit them for expansionist policies.

The three governments are basically in agreement as to the importance of the political development of the peoples of Africa and the achievement of improved economic and social conditions. The three ministers recognize the need for developing the existing cooperation amongst the French, British and other African powers and of the establishment of close cooperation between those countries and the United States to achieve this end.

It was decided that consultations between the three powers should be frequent. The ministers agreed to meet again in the near future,1 possibly in New York, before the next meeting of the General Assembly of the United Nations.

6. COMMUNIQUÉ BY THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, FRANCE, AND CANADA (LONDON), MAY 18, 1950 2

During their talks last week, the Foreign Ministers of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States considered how the countries of Western Europe and North America might improve their cooperation on economic problems which require adjustments by them in the period immediately ahead. The emphasis in their discussions was on the positive courses of action which need to be taken.

3

The Secretary of State of the United States emphasized the great value of the existing relationships between the Organization for European Economic Cooperation and the United States and believed that it would be helpful to broaden this relationship to provide for regular discussion and consideration of the problems requiring cooperative action in the coming period. He pointed out that, while the European Recovery Program terminates in 1952, the interest of the

1 See infra, doc. 8.

Department of State Bulletin, May 29, 1950, p. 827.

See Ex. Or. No. 10133 (15 Fed. Reg. 4159); ibid., Aug. 7, 1950, p. 235.

United States in Europe will necessarily continue and that study of the problems is now going forward actively in the United States on the highest governmental level. During conversations this week, the Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs has indicated a similar interest on the part of his country to participate in the study of these problems. The four Ministers believe that this relationship would permit a close coordination of the work now going forward in the United States and Canada on these problems with the parallel efforts of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation.

The Foreign Ministers of France and the United Kingdom stated their hope that the Organization for European Economic Cooperation would invite Canada and the United States to establish, on an informal basis, a working relationship with the Organization for European Economic Cooperation whereby the two countries could join with the Organization for European Economic Cooperation in the discussion and consideration of the action to be taken on these problems.

It was agreed that the proposed working relationship between Canada, the United States and the Organization for European Economic Cooperation would not interfere with the present functions of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation as an organization devoted primarily to European economic problems as provided in the convention for European economic cooperation.'

The four Ministers were in agreement that the economic and financial problems arising from the defense effort fell primarily within the competence of the North Atlantic Treaty organization. They recognized also the concern of the North Atlantic Treaty with broader questions of economic relations among the signatory countries and welcomed the decision of the Council to have the deputies consider what further action should be taken under article II of the treaty.'

The four Ministers were further agreed that it was their hope. through a new working relationship, to proceed promptly toward finding solutions of the general economic problems which lie immediately ahead along lines which would eliminate conflict in their international economic policies. They recognize that Canada, the United States, and the West European countries have a continuing interest in developing and strengthening economic collaboration between them in order that they can make together their full contribution to the building of a peaceful and prosperous world order. They further realize that the development and strengthening of the economic ties of this community of nations may in the future require formal organizational expression, but they believe it is unnecessary at this time to attempt to suggest precisely what form of arrangement will prove to be best suited to assist the taking of common action by the community.

1 Supra, pp. 992-1000.

2 See the communiqué of the Fourth Session of the North Atlantic Council, May 19, 1950 (infra, pp. 1604-1606) and the Council's resolution on central machinery (Department of State Bulletin, May 29, 1950, p. 831).

7. INTERIM COMMUNIQUE ON THE MEETING OF FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND FRANCE (NEW YORK), SEPTEMBER 14, 1950 1

The Foreign Ministers of France, the United Kingdom and the United States met at New York on September 12, 1950, in another of their regular meetings.

The meeting recessed on September 14 in view of the meeting of the North Atlantic Council fixed for September 15.2

The Ministers' discussion from September 12-14 covered a broad range of important problems reflecting the serious situation which confronts the world today. The Ministers were fully agreed that the most urgent of these problems was that of strengthening the defenses of the free world both in Europe and in Asia and were equally agreed that immediate effective steps must be taken to this end.

The Ministers will resume their conversations on September 18,3 after the meeting of the North Atlantic Council. In the interval they will have had an opportunity to exchange views with representatives of other interested governments and to receive and examine the reports of a number of ad hoc subcommittees which were set up during the present conversations.

In so far as Europe is concerned, the Ministers had a preliminary exchange of views on the following questions: (1) the establishment of integrated forces for the defense of Western Europe; (2) the prompt increase of forces in being in Western Europe; (3) arrangements for expediting and expanding the production of necessary equipment and supplies for this defense effort and for financing this effort; (4) the possible relation of Western Germany to this effort; (5) steps to be taken to safeguard internal security in Western Germany and Berlin; and (6) appropriate measures, such as termination of the state of war and further relaxation of occupation controls, for accelerating the restoration of the position of Germany as a member of the family of free nations.*

In so far as Asia is concerned, the Ministers welcomed the great manifestation of solidarity of fifty-three nations in support of the United Nations in meeting the aggression in Korea. They also exchanged views in regard to the following questions: (1) the security of Southeast Asia from direct or indirect aggression; (2) the political, military and economic development of the Associated States of IndoChina; (3) the continuation of the United Nations interest in Korea after the termination of hostilities; and (4) questions concerning the peaceful disposition of the problem of Formosa.

A further communiqué will be issued when the Ministers have concluded their meeting.

1 The New York Times, Sept. 15, 1950.

2 See infra, pp. 1606-1607.

See the communiqué of Sept. 19, 1950, infra. In this connection, see infra, pp. 1711–1713. 5 See infra, pp. 2536-2575.

415900-57-96

8. COMMUNIQUÉ BY THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND FRANCE (NEW YORK), SEPTEMBER 19, 19501

The Foreign Ministers of France, the United Kingdom, and the United States concluded their scheduled meetings at New York on September 18, after having participated in the meeting of the North Atlantic Treaty Council and having consulted representatives of other governments interested in the problems before them.

As indicated in the interim communiqué issued on September 14,3 they exchanged views frankly and fully in regard to a wide range of problems of common concern. The Ministers intend, during the opening days of the General Assembly, to continue their exchange of views as occasion may arise. Some of the questions which they discussed will form the subject of United Nations consideration during coming weeks. The Ministers were agreed that the efforts of the United Nations to resist threats to the peace and to achieve peaceful settlements will receive their firmest support.

The Ministers' chief concern during their present meeting was with urgent measures required to safeguard the security of the free world. in Europe and in Asia in order that peace will be maintained. The Ministers were agreed that this will continue to be their chief concern and that, in conjunction with the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and other friendly governments, they will see to it that the necessary measures to achieve this end are worked out and applied with the greatest possible despatch.

In their consideration of German questions, the Ministers were greatly assisted by the report of the intergovernmental study group which has been meeting in London during the past 3 months. The Ministers decided that this group, which was appointed at their London meeting in May," should be continued. The Ministers also had the advantage of the presence in New York of their three High Commissioners from Germany. The conclusions reached by the Ministers on a large number of questions affecting Germany are stated in an annex to this communiqué."

1 Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 2, 1950, p. 530.

2 See the Council's communiqué of Sept. 18, 1950; infra, pp. 1606–1607.

3 Supra.

The meetings of this group began July 3, 1950.

For a list of the members

of the United States delegation, see the Department of State Bulletin, July 24 1950, p. 156. The report of the group was not published.

5 See supra, docs. 5 and 6.

6

• Infra, pp. 1711-1713.

9. COMMUNIQUE BY THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND FRANCE (LONDON), FEBRUARY 19, 19521

During their meetings at the Foreign Office on the 17th, 18th, and 19th of February, the Foreign Ministers of the United Kingdom, the United States and France considered a number of questions which were subsequently discussed with the German Federal Chancellor. 2 They also examined the relationship to be established between the European defense community and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The Foreign Ministers of the United Kingdom and the United States declared their abiding interest in the establishment and integrity of the European defense community and, in association with the Foreign Minister of France, studied means by which their governments could support and cooperate with the community. These subjects will be matters of continuing consultation between the three ministers and between their governments in order to find appropriate means of giving the community the desired cooperation and support. The Foreign Ministers of the United Kingdom and the United States recalled the decision of their governments to maintain armed forces in Europe which, in association with the European defense forces, will contribute their fair share in joint defense of the North Atlantic area.

[See also (1) Communiqué by the Foreign Ministers of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France and the Chancellor of the German Federal Republic, February 19, 1952 (infra, pp. 1726–1727); and (2) Tripartite Declaration, May 27, 1952 (supra, pp. 1197–1198).]

10. COMMUNIQUÉ BY THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE UNITED KINGDOM, AND FRANCE (WASHINGTON), JULY 14, 1953 3

The Foreign Minister of France, M. Georges Bidault, the Acting Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, the Marquess of Salisbury, and the Secretary of State of the United States, Mr. John Foster Dulles, met and consulted together at Washington from July 10 to 14, 1953.

I

In the course of their consultations, they reviewed a wide range of common problems of concern to the three Governments. The topics considered have been diverse, but the entire conference has been inspired by one dominant purpose. That has been to seek solutions

1 Department of State Bulletin, Mar. 3, 1952, p. 325.

2 See communiqué of Feb. 19, 1952, by the Foreign Ministers and the German Chancellor; infra, pp. 1726-1727.

3 Department of State Bulletin, July 27, 1953, pp. 104-106.