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request, either Government may at any time thereafter give notice of its intention to terminate the Agreement, and the Agreement shall then cease to be in force twelve months from the date of such notice. Whenever the contingency provided for in Articles 5 and 6 of the North Atlantic Treaty shall occur, the facilities, which will be afforded in accordance with this Agreement, shall be available for the same use. While such facilities are not being used for military purposes, necessary maintenance work will be performed by Iceland or Iceland will authorize its performance by the United States.

ARTICLE VIII

After signature by the appropriate authorities of the United States and Iceland, this Agreement, of which the English and Icelandic texts are equally authentic, shall come into force on the date of receipt by the Government of the United States of America of a notification from the Government of Iceland of its ratification of the Agreement.1 DONE at Reykjavík, this fifth day of May, 1951.

68. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE UNITED STATES-ICELANDIC DEFENSE AGREEMENT: Statement by the Department of State, May 26, 1954 2

The United States and Iceland on May 25 reached an understanding on changes in the methods of implementing the U.S.-Icelandic Defense Agreement of May 5, 1951.3 In response to the request of the Icelandic Government received last December, representatives of the United States and Iceland-including an advisory team from the Departments of State and Defense-began discussions February 2. Agreement was effected by an exchange of notes between the Icelandic Foreign Minister and the American Minister to Iceland, Edward B. Lawson, who negotiated the original agreement of 1951.

In general the understandings reached are technical in nature. They pertain chiefly to how defense construction work in Iceland and the planning, arrangement, and operation of the military areas in Iceland can best be effected consistent with NATO objectives of defending Iceland and the North Atlantic area, while also taking into account problems peculiar to Iceland.

The basic U.S.-Iceland Defense Agreement of May 5, 1951, was negotiated at the request of NATO in view of Iceland's lack of defenses. It has not been altered in these negotiations.

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Italy

69. INTERPRETATION OF THE ITALIAN PEACE TREATY: Declaration by the Governments of the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, September 26, 1951 1

The Governments of the United States, France, and the United Kingdom have considered for some time how best to resolve, in the interests of the harmonious development of cooperation between the free nations, the problem presented by the peace treaty with Italy. In accordance with the desire of the Italian people, Italy, which loyally cooperated with the Allies during the latter part of the war as a co-belligerent, has reestablished democratic institutions. In the spirit of the United Nations' Charter, Italy has invariably extended to other peaceful and democratic governments that cooperation indispensable to the solidarity of the free world.

Nevertheless, although Italy has on three occasions received the support of the majority of member states voting in the General Assembly, it is still prevented by an unjustifiable veto from obtaining membership in the United Nations in spite of the provisions of the treaty and the Charter.2

Moreover, Italy is still subject under the peace treaty to certain restrictions and disabilities. These restrictions no longer accord with the situation prevailing today nor with Italy's status as an active and equal member of the democratic and freedom-loving family of nations.

Each of the three governments, therefore, declares hereby its readiness to give favorable consideration to a request from the Italian Government to remove so far as concerns its individual relations with Italy, and without prejudice to the rights of third parties, those permanent restrictions and discriminations now in existence which are wholly overtaken by events or have no justification in present circumstances or affect Italy's capacity for self-defense.

Each of the three governments hereby reaffirms its determination to make every effort to secure Italy's membership in the United Nations.

The three governments trust that this declaration will meet with the wide approval of the other signatories of the peace treaty and that they will likewise be prepared to take similar action.

1 Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 8, 1951, p. 570.

2 Italy's application for membership in the United Nations, support of which was pledged by the Allied Powers in the preamble to the Treaty of Peace with Italy, was unfavorably considered in 4 votes (prior to September 1951) in the Security Council (Aug. 21, 1947; Oct. 1, 1947; Apr. 10, 1948; and Sept. 13, 1949). Prior to September 1951, the General Assembly three times adopted resolutions recommending that the Security Council reconsider Italy's application (Nov. 17, 1947; Dec. 8, 1948; and Nov. 22, 1949).

70. POLITICAL SUPPORT AND ECONOMIC AID TO ITALY: Communiqué by the Secretary of State and the Italian Premier, September 26, 1951 1

1

The President of the United States, the Secretary of State, and the Prime Minister of Italy have met during the past 3 days and had a full exchange of views on questions of mutual interest to both countries. For the discussion of economic matters, the Acting Administrator of the Economic Cooperation Administration, Mr. [Richard M.] Bissell, and the Minister of the Italian Budget, Mr. [Giuseppe] Pella, joined the group. At the conclusion of the conversations, the Secretary of State and the Prime Minister issued the following statement:

Conversations were held in the spirit of friendship and cooperation which governs the relations between the United States and Italy. They revealed continuing agreement between the governments of the two countries on common objectives and means of achieving them. The Secretary of State and the Prime Minister reviewed the general international situation, and agreed that both nations, jointly with the other free nations, must devote their entire energies to achieving peace with security. They agreed further on the need for positive action to bring together the peoples and governments of the Atlantic Community. The Secretary of State and the Prime Minister reviewed the steps already taken to bring about a closer association of the Western European nations, including the German Federal Republic and a European defense force, and the Prime Minister expressed to the Secretary of State Italy's determination to lend cooperation fully in these efforts.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a means of regional defense under the United Nations Charter and its particular importance in closer political and economic cooperation between both Western European and Mediterranean nations were fully recognized. They also recognized that the Mediterranean area is essential to the common defense, and welcomed the steps that had been taken at the recent meeting of the North Atlantic Council at Ottawa.2

The Secretary of State reiterated the determination of the United States to press for Italy's admission into the United Nations in order that Italy may cooperate to the fullest extent in the maintenance of peace and the removal of causes of international tension.

The Secretary of State assured the Prime Minister that his request on behalf of the Italian people for removal of the restrictions and discriminations in the Italian peace treaty has been given most favorable consideration by the United States Government.3 The declaration by the United Kingdom, France, and the United States on this subject

1 Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 8, 1951, pp. 563-564.

2 See the North Atlantic Council's communiqué of Sept. 21, 1951; supra, pp. 1614-1616.

3 For the text of the agreement subsequently effected Dec. 21, 1951, releasing Italy from certain of its obligations to the United States under the Italian Peace Treaty, see infra.

has been published. The Secretary of State expressed hope that all the governments signatory to the treaty would give their full concurrence to this declaration.

Regarding Trieste, both the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State agreed that a solution to this question would greatly strengthen unity of Western Europe. As stated in the conversation between the Prime Minister and the President, the policies of both governments on this question are well known. The solution should take into account the legitimate aspirations of the Italian people.

The Prime Minister described the urgency of measures to assist in the full utilization of Italian manpower resources. The Secretary of State expressed complete understanding of the importance of this question and the readiness of the United States Government to cooperate in its solution. He informed the Prime Minister that the United States will cooperate with other governments having an interest in evolving practical plans for an international organization to consider and put into effect concrete plans for the solution of the related problems of Italian and European overpopulation.3

The economic problems common to the two countries were reviewed in detail by the representatives of the two governments. On the American side, great satisfaction was expressed at the progress made in strengthening Italy's economic and financial situation. The Prime Minister was assured that it is the intention of the United States Government to contribute as in the past, within the limits of the funds appropriated to this end by Congress, the military and economic aid necessary to support the Italian effort to develop greater economic strength, social stability, and capacity for defense of its freedom and independence.

Particular attention was given to the idle capacity existing in some sectors of Italian industry, and to the possibility of the United States Government placing orders for additional defense production which will contribute to a speedier and fuller Italian participation in the production effort of the NATO countries and which will increase the level of employment in Italy.

Assurance was given of United States help in getting priorities for the equipment necessary to increase the production of electric power and steel in Italy.

The Secretary of State and Minister Pella signed an agreement supplementing the Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation

1 See tripartite declaration of Sept. 26, 1951; supra.

2 For the communiqué of Sept. 25, 1951, on the conversations between the President and the Prime Minister, see the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 8, 1951, p. 563.

3 The international organization here referred to was established with the title of Provisional Intergovernmental Committee for the Movement of Migrants from Europe by a resolution adopted Dec. 5, 1951, at the final session of the conference on migration which convened at Brussels, Nov. 26, 1951. For the text of the resolution and a report on the conference, see ibid, Feb. 4, 1952, pp. 169-173.

of 1948,' which will provide for an increased flow of investments between the two countries.

This friendly and exhaustive exchange of views, both on political and economic matters, confirmed the determination of the two countries to further, in concert with other democratic Nations, their close cooperation in order to solve effectively the problems of welfare, security, and peace.

71. RELEASE OF ITALY FROM CERTAIN PEACE TREATY OBLIGATIONS: Note From the Secretary of State to the Italian Ambassador, 2 December 21, 1951 3

EXCELLENCY: I have the honor to refer to your note of December 8, 1951, regarding the Preamble and certain clauses of the Italian Peace Treaty.

I am glad to inform you that, in accordance with the terms of the declaration of September 265 by the Governments of the United States, France, and the United Kingdom, the Government of the United States welcomes the proposals of the Italian Government.

Therefore the United States hereby agrees that the spirit reflected by the preamble no longer exists, and has been replaced by the spirit of the United Nations Charter; that the political clauses, articles 15-18, are superfluous; and that since the military clauses are not consistent with Italy's position as an equal member of the democratic and freedom-loving family of nations, Italy is released from its obligations to the United States under articles 46-70 and annexes relevant thereto. Accept [etc.]

72. ITALIAN-UNITED STATES POLICY REVIEW: Communiqué Regarding Italo-American Conversations, March 30, 1955 °

The Prime Minister of Italy, the Honorable Mario Scelba, and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Honorable Gaetano Martino have today concluded their official visit in Washington where they have been the guests of the United States Government.

The visit provided a welcome opportunity for President Eisenhower and Prime Minister Scelba as well as for Secretary of State Dulles and Foreign Minister Martino to renew their acquaintance. It also

1 Treaty of Feb. 2, 1948; TIAS 1965; 63 Stat., pt. 2, p. 2255. The agreement of Sept. 25, 1951, whose text is printed in the Department of State Bulletin, Oct. 8, 1951, pp. 568-570, did not enter into force. Advice and consent by the Senate to its ratification was given, with an understanding, July 21, 1953; see S. Exec. Rept. 5, 83d Cong., 1st sess.

2 Alberto Tarchiani.

3 TIAS 2461; 3 UST 2869. 4 Ibid.

5 Supra, doc. 69.

Department of State Bulletin, Apr. 11, 1955, pp. 612-613. See also statement released by the White House, Mar. 28, 1955 (ibid., p. 613); Mr. Scelba's address to the Senate of Mar. 30, 1955 (ibid., pp. 613-614); and Ambassador Luce's address of Mar. 23, 1955 (ibid., pp. 616-622).

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