such a case the Secretary-General shall communicate with other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available."

3. Rule 10 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:

". . . In the case of an emergency special session convened pursuant to rule 8 (b), the Secretary-General shall notify the Members of the United Nations at least twelve hours in advance of the opening of the session."

4. Rule 16 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:

"... The provisional agenda of an emergency special session shall be communicated to the Members of the United Nations simultaneously with the communication summoning the session."

5. Rule 19 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following:

"... During an emergency special session additional items concerning the matters dealt with in resolution 377 A (V) may be added to the agenda by a two-thirds majority of the Members present and voting.'

6. There is added a new rule to precede rule 65 to read as follows: "Notwithstanding the provisions of any other rule and unless the General Assembly decides otherwise, the Assembly, in case of an emergency special session, shall convene in plenary session only and proceed directly to consider the item proposed for consideration in the request for the holding of the session, without previous reference to the General Committee or to any other Committee; the President and Vice-Presidents for such emergency special sessions shall be, respectively, the Chairman of those delegations from which were elected the President and Vice-Presidents of the previous session."

B

For the purpose of maintaining international peace and security, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, and, in particular, with Chapters V, VI and VII of the Charter,

The General Assembly

Recommends to the Security Council:

That it should take the necessary steps to ensure that the action provided for under the Charter is taken with respect to threats to the peace, breaches of the peace or acts of aggression and with respect to the peaceful settlement of disputes or situations likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security;

That it should devise measures for the earliest application of Articles 43, 45, 46 and 47 of the Charter of the United Nations regarding the placing of armed forces at the disposal of the Security Council by the States Members of the United Nations and the effective functioning of the Military Staff Committee;

The above dispositions should in no manner prevent the General Assembly from fulfilling its functions under resolution 377 A (V). C

The General Assembly,

Recognizing that the primary function of the United Nations Organization is to maintain and promote peace, security and justice among all nations,

Recognizing the responsibility of all Member States to promote the cause of international peace in accordance with their obligations as provided in the Charter,

Recognizing that the Charter charges the Security Council with the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security,

Reaffirming the importance of unanimity among the permanent members of the Security Council on all problems which are likely to threaten world peace,

Recalling General Assembly resolution 190 (III) entitled "Appeal to the Great Powers to renew their efforts to compose their differences and establish a lasting peace","

Recommends to the permanent members of the Security Council

that:

(a) They meet and discuss, collectively or otherwise, and, if necessary, with other States concerned, all problems which are likely to threaten international peace and hamper the activities of the United Nations, with a view to their resolving fundamental differences and reaching agreement in accordance with the spirit and letter of the Charter;

(b) They advise the General Assembly and, when it is not in session, the Members of the United Nations, as soon as appropriate, of the results of their consultations.

3

9. LETTER FROM THE ACTING UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE AT THE UNITED NATIONS 2 TO THE SECRETARY-GENERAL OF THE UNITED NATIONS REGARDING UNITED STATES ARMED FORCES UNDER RESOLUTION 377 (V), JUNE 8, 19514

I have the honor to refer to paragraph 9 of Resolution 377 (V), adopted by the General Assembly on 3 November 1950, and in accordance therewith to request you to advise the Collective Measures

1 Resolution of Nov. 3, 1948; General Assembly, Official Records, Third Session, Part I, Resolutions (A/810), pp. 15–16.

2 Ernest A. Gross.

3 Trygve Lie.

U.S. Mission to the U.N. press release 1214, June 8, 1951.

5 Supra.

Committee of the measures taken by my Government in implementation of paragraph 8 of that Resolution.

1. At the present time, elements of the National Armed Forces of the United States are serving under the Unified Command in Korea pursuant to the recommendations of the Security Council and the General Assembly. A general description of these elements as now constituted follows:

Ground Forces: Three Army Corps and one Marine Division, with supporting elements.

Naval Forces: A fast Carrier Task Group with a blockade and escort force, an amphibious force, reconnaissance and anti-submarine warfare units, and supporting ships.

Air Forces: One Tactical Air Force, one Bombardment Command, and one Combat Cargo Command, all with supporting elements.

The United States Government regards the maintenance of these forces as fulfillment at this time of the purposes of the recommendations of the General Assembly in the Uniting for Peace Resolution. After termination of hostilities in Korea and after the United States Armed Forces now opposing aggression in Korea have been withdrawn, the extent to which the United States will maintain armed forces which could be made available for United Nations service will be reviewed.

2. The United States is maintaining elements of its National Armed Forces in Europe, shortly to include the equivalent of six Army Divisions, and Naval and Air Force elements, in furtherance. of the North Atlantic Treaty and as a part of the efforts of the parties to the Treaty for Collective Defense and for the preservation of Peace and Security. The Treaty by its terms comes within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations, and the United States Forces maintained in furtherance of the Treaty could, in appropriate circumstances, pursuant to the Treaty and the Charter and in accordance with due constitutional process, participate in collective military measures to maintain or restore Peace and Security in the North Atlantic Area in support of United Nations action.

3. The United States will continue to keep this matter under constant review in the light of changing circumstances and in furtherance of the policy of the United Nations to build up an effective collective security system.

Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest consideration.

10. UNITED STATES WORKING PAPER PREPARED FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF THE COLLECTIVE MEASURES COMMITTEE, AUGUST 4, 19541

2

1. In considering what the Collective Measures Committee might usefully do in furtherance of the objective of strengthening the capability of the United Nations to maintain international peace and security, it was realized that considerable progress has already been made by the Committee. In the two previous reports the Collective Measures Committee sought to analyze the hard lessons of the Korean experience in the hope that the United Nations can be developed into a more effective agency for resisting aggression collectively. A wide range of political, economic and military collective measures were considered by the Committee to be practicable. The studies made by the Committee, which are now available "on the shelf" of the United Nations, may assist in reducing in a future collective action the amount of improvisation necessary in organizing the collective effort in Korea. Noteworthy also are the efforts made by the Collective Measures Committee to stimulate preparations on the part of all states enabling them to participate and to support future United Nations collective resistance against aggression.

2. It may well be that at some time the Collective Measures Committee should carry forward some of its studies or undertake additional ones in order to keep pace with the new developments which may occur in the field of collective security. At this juncture we believe that an affirmation of certain important principles of particular relevance in the execution of collective measures, by the Committee and the General Assembly, will help to develop the will and determination among states which is essential if any future United Nations collective measures which are undertaken are to be effectively and equitably applied.

3. Accordingly, the following principles of collective security are submitted for the consideration of the Collective Measures Committee in the hope that their endorsement by the Committee and the General Assembly may contribute in some measure to the strengthening of the concept of collective security under the aegis of the United Nations.

1. In principle, when the United Nations undertakes action against aggression, the greatest possible number of States should make effective military contributions to the collective effort, in accordance with their individual capacities and resources.

2. While it is essential that United Nations collective military action be supported by every effective type of assistance, a primary

1 U.N. doc. A/AC.43/L.3, Aug. 4, 1954.

2 See General Assembly, Official Records, Sixth Session, Supplement No. 13 (A/1891), and ibid., Seventh Session, Supplement No. 17 (Á/2215). For selected documentation on the activities of the committee, 1951-1954, see Review of the United Nations Charter: A Collection of Documents (S. Doc. No. 87, 83d Cong., 2d sess.), pp. 606–676.

objective should be to secure the maximum contribution of effective military forces.

3. To this end, States supporting United Nations collective measures should seek to maximize effective military contributions not only by their own contribution of forces but also by helping to provide logistic support to States desiring to participate but unable to provide for the equipment, training of or supplying of their own forces.

4. In the event of collective measures undertaken by the United Nations against aggression, States should endeavour to make available ancillary support for the benefit of forces of countries participating in such measures. Such ancillary support should include, where posssible, necessary rights of passage through or over territory of the country concerned and related rights and facilities.

5. Collective self-defence and regional arrangements or agencies constitute an important part of the United Nations collective security system. When action is taken against aggression consistent with and in support of the Charter by collective defence agencies, it is important that all appropriate steps be taken in the United Nations to provide support for such collective action.

6. The importance of collective economic and financial measures against aggression for the purpose of assisting the victim and cooperating States is reaffirmed. The availability to the Security Council and the General Assembly of the arms embargo list and the list of strategic items prepared by the Collective Measures Committee is noted as well as its utility in expediting the application of any future embargo which the United Nations may decide upon or recommend.

11. THIRD REPORT OF THE COLLECTIVE MEASURES COMMITTEE, AUGUST 27, 19541

Introduction

The Collective Measures Committee has the honour to submit herewith its third report to the Security Council and to the General Assembly.

1. The Committee was established by General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) of 3 November 1950,2 and its work was continued by resolution 503 A (VI) of 12 January 1952.3

1 U.N. docs. A/2713 and (S/3283), Aug. 30, 1954; see also Department of State Bulletin, Nov. 22, 1954, pp. 781-783. The report of the Committee was approved by the General Assembly in its Res. 809 (IX), adopted Nov. 4, 1954 (General Assembly, Official Records, Ninth Session, Supplement No. 21 (A/2890), p. 4), and the Committee was instructed by this resolution to "remain in a position to pursue such further studies as it may deem desirable."

2 Supra, doc. 8.

General Assembly, Official Records, Sixth Session, Supplement No. 20 (A/2119), pp. 2-3.