they be sold to parties other than those who have been duly authorized by their respective Governments to purchase them:

Cannon, shot and shell, cartridges and ammunition of all kinds, firearms and weapons of war of every description. Saltpetre, sulphur, brimstone, gunpowder, dynamite, gun-cotton, or other explosives. XI. The exportation from Burmah into China of salt is prohibited. The exportation from China into Burmah of cash, Forbidden trade. rice, pulse and grains of every kind is prohibited. The importation and exportation across the frontier of opium and spirituous liquors is prohibited, excepting in small quantities for the personal use of travellers. The amount to be permitted will be settled under Customs regulations.

Infractions of the conditions set forth in this and the preceding Article will be punishable by confiscation of all the goods concerned. XII. The British Government, wishing to promote frontier trade between the two countries by encouraging mining Encouragement enterprise in Yünnan and in the new territorial acquisitions of China referred to in the present Convention, consent to allow Chinese vessels carrying merchandize, ores, and minerals of all kinds, and coming from or destined for China, freely to navigate the Irrawaddy on the same conditions as to dues and other matters as British vessels.

of mining.

Consular officers.

XIII. It is agreed that His Majesty the Emperor of China may appoint a Consul in Burmah, to reside at Rangoon; and that Her Britannic Majesty may appoint a Consul to reside at Manwyne; and that the Consuls of the two Governments shall each within the territories of the other enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consuls of the most favoured nation.

Further, that, in proportion as the commerce between Burmah and China increases, additional Consuls may be appointed by mutual agreement, to reside at such places in Burmah and Yünnan as the requirements of the trade may seem to demand.

The correspondence between the British and Chinese Consuls respectively, and the chief authority at the place where they reside, shall be conducted on terms of perfect equality.

XIV. Passports, written in Chinese and English, and identical in terms to those issued to foreigners at the Treaty ports Passports. in China, shall, on the application of the proper British authorities, be issued to British merchants and others wishing to proceed to China from Burmah, by the Chinese Consul at Rangoon or by the Chinese authorities on the frontier; and Chinese subjects wishing to proceed to Burmah from China shall, on the application of any recognized Chinese official, be entitled to receive similar passports from Her Britannic Majesty's Consul at Manwyne or other convenient places in China where there may be a British Consular officer.

XV. Should criminals, subjects of either country, take refuge in the territory of the other, they shall, on due requisition Extradition of being made, be searched for, and, on reasonable presumption of their guilt being established, they shall be surrendered to the authorities demanding their extradition.

criminals.

"Due requisition" shall be held to mean the demand of any functionary of either Government possessing a seal of office, and the demand may be addressed to the nearest frontier officer of the country in which the fugitive has taken refuge.

to be extended.

XVI. With a view to improving the intercourse between the two countries, and placing the Chinese Consul at Rangoon Telegraph lines in communication with the high provincial authorities in Yünnan, the High Contracting Parties undertake to connect the telegraphic systems of the two countries with each other as soon as the necessary arrangements can be made; the line will, however, at first only be used for the transmission of official telegrams and of general messages for and from Burmah and the Province of Yünnan.

XVII. It is agreed that subjects of the two Powers shall each within Favored-nation the territories of the other enjoy all the privileges, provision. immunities, and advantages that may have been, or may hereafter be accorded to the subjects of any other nation. XVIII. It is agreed that the commercial stipulations contained in the present Convention being of a special nature and Stipulations of convention rethe result of mutual concessions, consented to with a view to adapting them to local conditions and the peculiar necessities of the Burmah-China overland trade, the advantages accruing from them shall not be invoked by the subjects of either Power residing at other places where the two Empires are conterminous, excepting where the same conditions prevail, and then only in return for similar concessions.

stricted to locali

ties mentioned.

vention.

XIX. The arrangements with regard to trade and commerce contained in the present Convention being of a proviRevision of con- sional and experimental character, it is agreed that should subsequent experience of their working, or a more intimate knowledge than is now possessed of the requirements of the trade, seem to require it, they may be revised at the demand. of either party after a lapse of six years after the exchange of ratifications of the present Convention, or sooner should the two Governments desire it.

XX. The ratification of the present Convention under the hand of Her Britannic Majesty and of His Majesty the Emperor of China shall be exchanged in London in six months from this day of signature, or sooner if possible.

Ratification.

The Convention shall come into force immediately after the exchange of ratifications.

In token whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this Convention in four copies, two in Chinese and two in English.

Done at London, this 1st day of March, 1894, corresponding to the 24th day of the 1st moon of the 20th year of Kuang Hsü.

[L. S.] [L. S.]

DECLARATION.

ROSEBERRY.
SIEH.

On proceeding to the signature this day of the Convention between Great Britain and China, giving effect to Article III of the Convention relative to Burmah and Thibet, signed at Peking on the 24th July 1886: a

The undersigned Plenipotentiaries declare that, inasmuch as the present Convention has been concluded for the special purpose mentioned in the preamble thereof, the stipulations contained therein are applicable only to those parts of the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty and of His Majesty the Emperor of China to which the said Convention expressly relates, and are not to be construed as applicable elsewhere.

Done at London, the 1st day of March, 1894.

[L. S.] [L. S.]

a Hertslet, Vol. I, 87, No. 15.

ROSEBERRY.
SIEH.

No. 2.

JAPAN.

TREATY OF PEACE BETWEEN CHINA AND JAPAN.a

SIGNED AT SHIMONOSEKI, APRIL 17, 1895.

RATIFICATIONS EXCHANGED AT CHEFOO, MAY 8, 1895.

His Majesty the Emperor of China and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, desiring to restore the blessings of peace to their countries and subjects and to remove all cause for future complications, have named as their Plenipotentiaries for the purpose of concluding a Treaty of peace; that is to say, His Majesty the Emperor of China, Li Hungchang, Senior Tutor to the Heir Apparent, Senior Grand Secretary of State, Minister Superintendent of Trade for the Northern Ports of China, Viceroy of the Province of Chihli, and Earl of the First Rank, and Li Ching-fong, Ex-Minister of the Diplomatic Service, of the Second Official Rank;

And His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, Count Ito Hirobumi, Junii, Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Paullownia, Minister President of State, and Viscount Mutsu Munemitsu, Junii, First Class of the Imperial Order of the Sacred Treasure, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs;

Who, after having exchanged their full powers, which were found to be in good and proper form, have agreed to the following Articles:—

ARTICLE I.

China recognizes definitely the full and complete independence and autonomy of Corea, and in consequence the payment Independence of of tribute and the performance of ceremonies and formalities by Corea to China, in derogation of such independence and autonomy, shall wholly cease for the future.

Korea.

ARTICLE II.

China cedes to Japan in perpetuity and full sovereignty the following territories, together with all fortifications, arsenals, of Feng Tien Prov- and public property thereon:

Cession of part

ince.

(a) The southern portion of the province of Fêngtien, within the following boundaries:

The line of demarcation begins at the mouth of the River Yalu and

a See History of the Peace negotiations, documentary and verbal, between China and Japan, March-April, 1895, pp. 26-29.

ascends that stream to the mouth of the River An-ping; from thence the line runs to Fêng-huang; from thence to Haicheng; from thence to Ying-kow, forming a line which describes the southern portion of the territory. The places above named are included in the ceded territory. When the line reaches the River Liao at Ying-kow, it follows the course of that stream to its mouth where it terminates. The midchannel of the River Liao shall be taken as the line of demarcation.

This cession also includes all islands appertaining or belonging to the province of Fêng-tien, situated in the eastern portion of the Bay of Liao-tung and in the northern part of the Yellow Sea.

(b) The island of Formosa, together with all islands appertaining or belonging to said island of Formosa.

(c) The Pescadores Group, that is to say, all islands lying between the 119th and 120th degrees of longitude east of Greenwich and the 23rd and 24th degrees of north latitude.

ARTICLE III.

The alignments of the frontiers described in the preceding Article and shown on the annexed Map, shall be subject to the Delimitation of verification and demarcation on the spot, by a Joint ceded territory. Commission of Delimitation consisting of two or more Chinese and two or more Japanese Delegates to be appointed immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. In case the boundaries laid down in this Act are found to be defective at any point, either on account of topography or in consideration of good administration, it shall also be the duty of the Delimitation Commission to rectify the same.

The Delimitation Commission will enter upon its duties as soon as possible and will bring its labors to a conclusion within the period of one year after appointment.

The alignments laid down in this Act shall, however, be maintained until the rectifications of the Delimitation Commission, if any are made, shall have received the approval of the Governments of China and Japan.

ARTICLE IV.

China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the sum of 200,000,000 Kuping Taels. The said sum is to be paid in eight War indemnity installments. The first installment of 50,000,000 Taels to Japan. to be paid within six months, and the second installment of 50,000,000 Taels to be paid within twelve months after the exchange of the ratifications of this Act. The remaining sum to be paid in six equal annual installments, as follows: The first of such equal annual installments to be paid within two years; the second within three years; the third within four years; the fourth within