The Alchemy of English: The Spread, Functions, and Models of Non-native Englishes

acculturation Achebe acquired African American English Asia attitudinal Australian Australian English bilingual bilingual's British English chapter characteristics Chinua Achebe cline code repertoire code-mixing code-switching colonial Consider contact literatures countries creative developed deviations dialect discourse discussed distinct educated English language English speakers English-using example formal functional grammar Gumperz Hindi Hindi-Urdu Hinglish identity Indian English innovations institutionalized intelligibility Kachru Kashmiri language attitude lexical items linguistic and cultural literary Mother Tongue Mulk Raj Anand multilingual native speakers native varieties non-native Englishes non-native users non-native varieties norm pidgin pragmatic Prator pronunciation question R. K. Narayan Raja Rao range Received Pronunciation reference regional result roles Sanskrit second language second-language varieties social sociolinguistic South Asian English speakers of English speech community Sri Lanka Sridhar standard studies style stylistic switch teaching texts Third World tion traditions types users of English varieties of English various vernacular writing