Village Governance in North China: 1875-1936Stanford University Press, 2005年3月9日 - 344 頁 This book is about village governance in China during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on government archives from Huailu county, Hebei province, it explores local practices and official systems of social control, land taxation, and "self government" at the village level. Its analysis of peasant behaviors bridges the gap between the rational choice and moral economy models by taking into account both material and symbolic dimensions of power and interest in the peasant community. The author's interpretation of village/state relations before 1900 transcends the state and society dichotomy and accentuates the interplay between formal and informal institutions and practices. His account of "state making" after 1900 underscores the continuity of endogenous arrangements in the course of institutional formalization and the interpenetration between official discourse and popular notions in the new process of political legitimization. |
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第 頁
... Payment in 24 Counties of South-Central Hebei,1931 38 7. Fulfillment of Tax Quotas in South-Central and Northeastern Hebei,1930–1933 39 8. Formally Filed Disputes over Xiangdi Service in Huailu County, 1912–1929 60 9. Fulfillment of the ...
... Payment in 24 Counties of South-Central Hebei,1931 38 7. Fulfillment of Tax Quotas in South-Central and Northeastern Hebei,1930–1933 39 8. Formally Filed Disputes over Xiangdi Service in Huailu County, 1912–1929 60 9. Fulfillment of the ...
第 頁
... payment, village government, and education during the late Qing and Republican years. These files permit in this book an up-close look at the everyday experience of the villagers in running their communities and dealing with the ...
... payment, village government, and education during the late Qing and Republican years. These files permit in this book an up-close look at the everyday experience of the villagers in running their communities and dealing with the ...
第 1 頁
... pay a tax in person, or to obtain a deed directly from the yamen when buying land. Instead villagers usually turned ... payments.”The peasants were still able to “keep a varying amount of control over their local affairs and usually to ...
... pay a tax in person, or to obtain a deed directly from the yamen when buying land. Instead villagers usually turned ... payments.”The peasants were still able to “keep a varying amount of control over their local affairs and usually to ...
第 8 頁
... payment of deed taxes, and investigating untaxed deeds and unregistered land. And it was his duty to collect irregular levies and provide facilities on the magistrate's instruction.The xiangdi,as shown in Chapter 3,performed the same ...
... payment of deed taxes, and investigating untaxed deeds and unregistered land. And it was his duty to collect irregular levies and provide facilities on the magistrate's instruction.The xiangdi,as shown in Chapter 3,performed the same ...
第 9 頁
... pay taxes individually, a common practice in Huailu and neighboring counties was for the xiangdi to pay in advance all ... payment of taxes saved them the time and expense of delivering the taxes individually. Moreover, it precluded the ...
... pay taxes individually, a common practice in Huailu and neighboring counties was for the xiangdi to pay in advance all ... payment of taxes saved them the time and expense of delivering the taxes individually. Moreover, it precluded the ...
內容
23 | |
Cooperation and Control in the Peasant Community | 41 |
Rules SelfInterestand Strategies | 66 |
Tax Collection | 92 |
Land and Tax Administration | 110 |
PowerDiscourseand Legitimacy | 135 |
Cooperation and Conflict over Village Schools | 163 |
Elite Activism | 194 |
Village Reorganization | 209 |
Uncovering Black Land | 234 |
Conclusion | 251 |
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常見字詞
abuse According accused activities administrative advance agents allowed amount black land burden chaiyao changes Chapter charge Chinese claimed collection cooperative court deed disputes duties early effective election elites example fact fellow villagers first formal funds further gentry guanzhong Hebei households Huailu county important increased individual influence institutions instructed interests involved land tax late magistrate magistrate’s mediation named nomination North China North China Plain office official paid payment peasant percent period person petition police position practices prompt provincial Qing received refused remained Republican responsible result role rural self-government serve shared sheshu social society south-central Hebei tael tax quota taxpayers teacher tion took traditional turn village head village regulations Wang ward xiangdi xiangzhang yamen yuan Zhang
熱門章節
第 284 頁 - What is common in community is not shared values or common understanding so much as the fact that members of a community are engaged in the same argument, the same raisonnement, the same Rede, the same discourse, in which alternative strategies, misunderstandings, conflicting goals and values are threshed out.
第 82 頁 - Social capital is the aggregate of the actual or potential resources which are linked to possession of a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition...
第 64 頁 - ... prompted its members to pay taxes by a due date or directly collected taxes from individual kinsmen and then remitted them together to the government. Some ancestral halls also paid taxes in advance for all their members and then collected the prepaid monies from the latter with a 5 percent surcharge. It was not uncommon in such cases for strict "clan regulations" (zugui) to be formulated and enforced to ensure full and prompt tax payment or repayment.
第 13 頁 - The operating assumption of the "right to subsistence" is that all members of a community have a presumptive right to a living so far as local resources will allow. This subsistence claim is morally based on the common notion of a hierarchy of human needs, with the means for physical survival naturally taking priority over all other claims to village wealth. In a purely logical sense, it is difficult to imagine how any disparities in wealth and resources can be...
第 35 頁 - within the range between 2 and 4 percent of the land produce in most districts and provinces
第 284 頁 - One central form of mediation, of course, is provided by property - the access to resources, the apportionment of rights and claims, and the acceptance of obligations and duties.