Geometries and TransformationsCambridge University Press, 2018年6月7日 Euclidean and other geometries are distinguished by the transformations that preserve their essential properties. Using linear algebra and transformation groups, this book provides a readable exposition of how these classical geometries are both differentiated and connected. Following Cayley and Klein, the book builds on projective and inversive geometry to construct 'linear' and 'circular' geometries, including classical real metric spaces like Euclidean, hyperbolic, elliptic, and spherical, as well as their unitary counterparts. The first part of the book deals with the foundations and general properties of the various kinds of geometries. The latter part studies discrete-geometric structures and their symmetries in various spaces. Written for graduate students, the book includes numerous exercises and covers both classical results and new research in the field. An understanding of analytic geometry, linear algebra, and elementary group theory is assumed. |
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第 1 到 5 筆結果,共 50 筆
第 xii 頁
... space. For the three linear geometries, a metric can be induced by specializing an absolute polarity in projective n ... vector spaces, that principle also finds expression in convenient notations for coordinates and for corresponding ...
... space. For the three linear geometries, a metric can be induced by specializing an absolute polarity in projective n ... vector spaces, that principle also finds expression in convenient notations for coordinates and for corresponding ...
第 xiv 頁
Norman W. Johnson. of discrete groups operating in hyperbolic n-space (2 ≤ n ≤ 5) correspond to linear fractional ... vector spaces and matrices is that many geometric propositions are easy to verify algebraically. Consequently, many ...
Norman W. Johnson. of discrete groups operating in hyperbolic n-space (2 ≤ n ≤ 5) correspond to linear fractional ... vector spaces and matrices is that many geometric propositions are easy to verify algebraically. Consequently, many ...
第 8 頁
... vectors is closed under such “scalar multiplication”; i.e., if V is a (left) vector space over a field F, then for all scalars λ in F and all vectors x in V, λx is also in V. Scalar multiplication also has the properties λ(x+ y) = λx+ ...
... vectors is closed under such “scalar multiplication”; i.e., if V is a (left) vector space over a field F, then for all scalars λ in F and all vectors x in V, λx is also in V. Scalar multiplication also has the properties λ(x+ y) = λx+ ...
第 9 頁
... vector space V is a covector of the dual vector space V.ˇ The annihilator of a vector x ∈ V is the set of covectors ˇu ∈ Vˇ for which the corresponding linear form maps x to 0. If V is a left vector space, its dual Vˇ is a right ...
... vector space V is a covector of the dual vector space V.ˇ The annihilator of a vector x ∈ V is the set of covectors ˇu ∈ Vˇ for which the corresponding linear form maps x to 0. If V is a left vector space, its dual Vˇ is a right ...
第 11 頁
... vectors and geometric transformations to linear transformations of a vector space. Linear transformations in turn can be represented by matrices. When coordinate vectors (x) = (x1,...,xn) are regarded as rows (1×n matrices), a linear ...
... vectors and geometric transformations to linear transformations of a vector space. Linear transformations in turn can be represented by matrices. When coordinate vectors (x) = (x1,...,xn) are regarded as rows (1×n matrices), a linear ...
內容
1 | |
13 | |
27 | |
Circular Geometries | 57 |
Real Collineation Groups | 87 |
Equiareal Collineations | 113 |
Real Isometry Groups | 138 |
Complex Spaces | 157 |
Complex Collineation Groups | 168 |
Circularities and Concatenations | 183 |
Unitary Isometry Groups | 203 |
Finite Symmetry Groups | 223 |
Tables | 390 |
List of Symbols | 406 |
Index | 425 |
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affine angle associated Axiom called central circle collineation column commutator complex contains coordinates corresponding Coxeter diagrams Coxeter group defined determinant direct distance dual elements elliptic entries equal Euclidean EXERCISES expressed extended field Figure Find finite fixed follows four fractional transformations fundamental region geometry given half-turn honeycomb hyperbolic hyperplane hypersphere induces infinite integers inversive isometry isomorphic lattice length linear group mapping matrix meet multiplication n-space nonzero normal obtain operation ordinary orthogonal orthogonal matrix pairs parallel period plane points polarity positive preserves projective properties quaternionic ratios reffections regular represented respective ring rotation satisfying the relations scalar separated Show sides similarity space sphere spherical subgroup of index symbol symmetry group symplectic taking tions transformation translation triangle unique unit unitary vector vector space vertices