Geometries and TransformationsCambridge University Press, 2018年6月7日 Euclidean and other geometries are distinguished by the transformations that preserve their essential properties. Using linear algebra and transformation groups, this book provides a readable exposition of how these classical geometries are both differentiated and connected. Following Cayley and Klein, the book builds on projective and inversive geometry to construct 'linear' and 'circular' geometries, including classical real metric spaces like Euclidean, hyperbolic, elliptic, and spherical, as well as their unitary counterparts. The first part of the book deals with the foundations and general properties of the various kinds of geometries. The latter part studies discrete-geometric structures and their symmetries in various spaces. Written for graduate students, the book includes numerous exercises and covers both classical results and new research in the field. An understanding of analytic geometry, linear algebra, and elementary group theory is assumed. |
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第 26 頁
... Show that the equation x1 2 = 0 has no nontrivial solutions 2 + x1 x2 + x2 in real numbers x1 and x2. 2. Find a nontrivial solution of the equation z1 2 = 0 in complex 2 +z1z2+z2 numbers z1 and z2. 3. Show that the equation z1 ̄z1 ̄z2 ...
... Show that the equation x1 2 = 0 has no nontrivial solutions 2 + x1 x2 + x2 in real numbers x1 and x2. 2. Find a nontrivial solution of the equation z1 2 = 0 in complex 2 +z1z2+z2 numbers z1 and z2. 3. Show that the equation z1 ̄z1 ̄z2 ...
第 27 頁
... show how each of them can be obtained from inversive n-space. 2.1 PROJECTIVE PLANES Following the path originally marked out by Arthur Cayley (1821– 1895) and more fully delineated by Felix Klein (1849–1925), our starting point for ...
... show how each of them can be obtained from inversive n-space. 2.1 PROJECTIVE PLANES Following the path originally marked out by Arthur Cayley (1821– 1895) and more fully delineated by Felix Klein (1849–1925), our starting point for ...
第 33 頁
... show that the harmonic relation is symmetric (Veblen & Young 1910, p. 81): Theorem O. If (AB, CD) is a harmonic set, then so is (CD, AB). The two triples of a quadrangular set can be subjected to the same permutation; thus ABC ∧ DEF ...
... show that the harmonic relation is symmetric (Veblen & Young 1910, p. 81): Theorem O. If (AB, CD) is a harmonic set, then so is (CD, AB). The two triples of a quadrangular set can be subjected to the same permutation; thus ABC ∧ DEF ...
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內容
1 | |
13 | |
27 | |
Circular Geometries | 57 |
Real Collineation Groups | 87 |
Equiareal Collineations | 113 |
Real Isometry Groups | 138 |
Complex Spaces | 157 |
Complex Collineation Groups | 168 |
Circularities and Concatenations | 183 |
Unitary Isometry Groups | 203 |
Finite Symmetry Groups | 223 |
Tables | 390 |
List of Symbols | 406 |
Index | 425 |
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常見字詞
affine angle associated Axiom called central circle collineation column commutator complex contains coordinates corresponding Coxeter diagrams Coxeter group defined determinant direct distance dual elements elliptic entries equal Euclidean EXERCISES expressed extended field Figure Find finite fixed follows four fractional transformations fundamental region geometry given half-turn honeycomb hyperbolic hyperplane hypersphere induces infinite integers inversive isometry isomorphic lattice length linear group mapping matrix meet multiplication n-space nonzero normal obtain operation ordinary orthogonal orthogonal matrix pairs parallel period plane points polarity positive preserves projective properties quaternionic ratios reffections regular represented respective ring rotation satisfying the relations scalar separated Show sides similarity space sphere spherical subgroup of index symbol symmetry group symplectic taking tions transformation translation triangle unique unit unitary vector vector space vertices