Dainippon Sugar Co. Medical Kobi-gun, Toko-sho. (Tainan-shi). The location of the known 101 Japanese and 364 Formosan-Chinese doctors in Tainan Province in 1939 is shown in the tables in section VIII, "Police and Courts," p. 45ff. A health resort, the Kanshire Hot Springs, is located in Shinei-gun, Shirakawa-sho, about 11 miles east of the Koheki railroad station. Busses and taxicabs operated between the station and the springs, which are about 900 feet above sea level. The water is salty and flows at the rate of about 25,000 gallons a day. Health resorts had not been constructed at other springs in the province, which are as follows: Three public bathing beaches are on the coast near Tainan City: at Ampin, Wanri, and Kiju. The Kanan Reservoir at Sobun-gun, Kanden-sho, Uzanto, is known as a beauty spot and a place for boating and fishing, but had not been developed into a resort. The Arisan forestry area, east of Kagi, was designated as a national park in 1937, but it is doubtful if any recreation facilities have been constructed. Parks under the shi, gai, or sho are as follows: Tainan-shi park: area, about 36 acres; construction costs, ¥133,620. Kagi-shi park: area, about 20 acres ; construction costs, ¥17,403. Shinka-gai, Koto: area, 450 acres; construction costs, ¥8,700. Shirakawa-sho: area, about 3 acres; construction costs, ¥4,300. Toroku-gai: area, about 6 acres; construction costs, ¥27,174. 8. Welfare organizations. Excepting the hospitals of various kinds, the public pawn shops, the public employment offices, and a little relief assistance from the government, organized welfare work is in the hands of many small societies and organizations which are guided unofficially, if not officially, by four societies which have received funds from the Imperial Family of Japan. A total of 355 welfare societies and organizations were in Tainan Province. Most of the problems that come to private and governmental welfare agencies in the United States are handled in Taiwan by the families. The great number of welfare communities reported in Taiwan were developed since 1930 and perhaps are best thought of as agencies to further the Japanization of the Formosan-Chinese instead of as welfare organizations. The Taiwan Welfare Society (Taiwan Shakai Jigyo Kyokai) receives about ¥20,000 a year from a trust fund which came from an Imperial grant. The society promotes private welfare groups, publishes a monthly magazine, the Shai Jigyo no Tomo (Friend of the Welfare Workers), holds a Taiwan welfare convention each year, promotes the observance of Children's Day on May 5, and sends 10 people a year to study the welfare institutions of Japan. Branch organizations are in each province and in the sub-divisions of the provinces. The Taisho Relief Society was established in 1915 with ¥48,600 of Imperial funds. At the death of Emperor Taisho in 1926, it received an additional sum of ¥70,900. Its assets in 1938 were ¥126,135. Its objective is to assist private welfare groups. The Meiji Relief Society was established in 1912 with a fund of ¥48,600, granted at the time of Emperor Meiji's death. Its assets at the end of 1938 amounted to ¥147.915. The Showa Relief Society was established with Imperial funds of ¥70,900 in 1929 when the present Japanese Emperor came to the throne. The income from these funds is given to the Taiwan Welfare Society. The Tainan Benevolence Institute has an endowment of ¥255,000 of Imperial funds and a budget in 1939 of ¥59,958. Each province has such an organization. In 1938 all of them together received ¥25,000 from the Taiwan Treasury. Among other activities, they conduct medical examinations in remote places; 22,852 different people were examined at a cost of ¥17,602 in 1938. A cheap lodging house is in Tainan-shi, and one at Kagi, the Kagi Women's Society Cheap Lodging House. The Kagi Philanthropic Society (Kagi Hokuai-kai) operates a welfare building, the Kagi Rimpo-kan. Fifty-six shi, gai, and sho in Tainan Province were reported to have a total of 951 welfare committees, of which 57 were in Tainan-shi and 41 in Kagi-shi. The committees are under the shi and the heads of the gai and sho. The total budget for such committees in Taiwan in 1939 was ¥172,739, of which ¥18,176 came from the Taiwan treasury. The committees handled 312,626 cases in Taiwan in 1938, including 45,451 cases of consultation and guidance, 123,802 of health and medical aid, 10,210 cases of child care, 51,702 cases which were referred elsewhere, 7,989 cases in which birth certificates were straightened out, 31,492 in which goods or money were given, and 41,980 other cases. In 1938 the provincial governments gave relief to 634 persons at a cost of ¥15,890; and the gun, gai, and cities in 1932 assisted 3,855 people at a cost of ¥59,845. Each province has a disaster relief fund, the total amounting to ¥6,938,070 in 1938. Seventy-seven public markets and 21 public baths were in Tainan Province in 1938. The markets afford places where poor people can sell small produce. Cheap lodging and cheap entertainment can be obtained, and open-air food vendors do a constant business. A public employment office in Tainan City handled 323 requests for employment from Japanese and 311 from Formosan-Chinese in 1938. Public pawn shops, at Tainan and Kagi, are considered by the Japanese to be welfare institutions. The interest rate on loans is limited by law to 2 percent a month. The Tainan pawn shop in 1938 loaned ¥282,829 to 21,203 people, and had an income of ¥22,609, with expenditures of ¥8,856. The Kagi pawn shop loaned ¥136,908 to 11,426 people, and had an income of ¥10,861 with expenditures of ¥7,119. X. EDUCATION AND JAPANIZATION 1. General statement. The educational system in Taiwan is essentially the same as that in Japan with the exception that there are special primary schools (ko gakko) for Formosan-Chinese children who cannot speak Japanese, and special schools for the aborigines. Formosan-Chinese students with sufficient command of the Japanese language and coming from families of some prestige among the Japanese, are admitted to the schools utilized by the Japanese. The total percentage of children in Taiwan attending school falls far short of the percentage in Japan proper. A Mutual Aid Benefit Society for Taiwan Instructors with over 9,200 members, a majority of the teachers in the island, was founded in 1937. The Chief of the Department of Educational Affairs normally is recommended for its presidency and in like manner the Chief of the Educational Section becomes the vice president. Membership. dues average ¥2 per month and to this amount is added an annual subsidy from the Kakuso Zaiden (School Taxes Foundation). The society grants "consolence money," extends loans to members, and makes special contracts with life insurance companies. The Presbyterian Girls' School (Tainan Chorokyo Jogakko-in) at Tainan City has been closed. The list of schools below distinguishes between primary schools for Japanese and primary schools for FormosanChinese. This distinction was eliminated, in name at least, in April 1941, both schools now being called kokumin gakko (national schools) in order to emphasize the unity of Formosan-Chinese and Japanese. The provinces, gun, cities, villages, or private bodies. Bureau of Education of the Government-General supervises the entire educational system and determines what texts shall be used. Tuition is charged, but the poor are exempted or allowed reductions. Families with two or more children in school are granted reduced rates. In some instances where children live near the railway lines free passes are given. Five schools for aborigines with 178 pupils are in Tainan Province. 2. List of schools. a. Schools maintained by Tainan Province. Data on these 12 schools are as of 31 April, 1939. (ko Agricultural Public School, Kanan (Jiku, Toroku-gun, Shido-sho) 1 ? Higher primary schools (koto sho gakko). The public school system in Taiwan includes the following types of schools: Kindergartens. Elementary common education: Primary schools for Japanese (and Formosan- gakko). Higher common and secondary education: Middle schools (koto chu gakko). Normal education: Normal schools (shihan gakko). Higher commercial schools (koto shogyo gakko). Department of Medical Science of the Taihoku The Government-General maintains the normal schools, the higher technical schools, the higher schools for boys, and the University. Other schools are maintained by the Kagi Agricultural and Forestry School (Kagi-shi, Shimoroto) 3333 Established: 1924. Number of volumes: 7,016. Sobun-gun, Mato-gai. Established: 1924. Kobi-gun, Kobi-gai. Established: 1924. Ensui Library: Shinei-gun, Ensui-gai. 4. Museums. General museums exhibiting animals, plants and information concerning manners and customs are in Tainan-shi and Kagi-shi. A commercial museum, a museum of education, and a hall of historical records are also at Tainan-shi. Local exhibition halls are at Tainan and Kagi. 5. The Japanization program. a. General statement. The program to Japanize the Formosan-Chinese is designated "social education" by the Japanese authorities. The term "Japanization" is preferable to the term "social education" or to the term "assimilation" to characterize the program, for it implies the basic difficulty inherent in the Japanese efforts, namely, the inconsistency of trying to get |
