1. Distinctive features of Toroku-gun. Toroku-gun, with an area of 178 square miles, is bordered on the north by the Seira (Dakusui) River which separates Tainan from Taichu Province. The population numbered 108,483 in 1935, of whom 1,729 were Japanese; and 116,377 in 1940, of whom 1,819 were Japanese. Foreign-Chinese numbered 554 in 1935 and 356 in 1940.

One source states there are three sugar mills in the gun, but the name of only one is known, that at Toroku-gai. The same source states that the annual production of the three factories about 1936 was valued at ¥3,000,000. Toroku is the central distributing point for the northeastern part of Tainan Province.

2. The gai and sho. a. Koko-sho.

Population 1935: 20,305 of whom 152 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Kantoso, or Koko, probably the

latter.

Post office: at Toroku in Toroku-gai,

Police stations: at Kantoso, Koko, Shoko, and Taikotei. Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Kantoso, Keihenseki and Koko.

Doctors, 1939: none reported.
Sho budget, 1935: ¥38,559.

Sho production: in 1936 approximately 150,000 bushels of rice; 125 million pounds of sugar cane; sweet potatoes, vegetables, pineapples, bananas and tobacco. Considerable lumbering.

Sho area: 14.6 miles from east to west, 8.5 miles north to south, with area of 64 miles.

Transportation: Koko is on a pushcar line which runs from Kantoseki through Koko north to Toroku. Except for a secondary road to Toroku, roads are almost nonexistent in the sho.

Credit association: Kantoseki Shinyo Kobai Hambai Riyo Kumiai (Kantoseki Credit Consumers Retailers Utilization Cooperative); capital, ¥22,120.

Special features: Koko is in a mountainous area. The sho owns a forest of 2,450 acres which has some teak trees. Manufactured bamboo products are shipped throughout Taiwan and exported to North China. The Kobi River and tributaries of the Dakusui and Hokko Rivers originate here. The Seki River flows west through the area. irrigation system is poor.

b. Shido-sho.

Population 1935: 14.241, of whom 96 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Shido.

The

Post office: at Toroku in Toroku-gai; one report states that a post office is at Shido.

Police stations: at Jushikyaku, Shido, Shinshoshi, and Kyubukyaku.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Jushikyaku and Shido; the Eison Primary and Higher Primary School, and an Agricultural Public School,

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Shido, one at Jushikyaku, and one at Taihobi.

Transportation: Shido is on the government highway and on a pushear line running from Toroku to Seira,

Business firm: Shinko Development Co. (Shinko Takushoku KK), Shinshoshi; land cultivation; founded: 1938 ; capital: ¥400,000.

Special features: the Seira River (Dakusui-kei) borders the sho on the north. The area is well irrigated. A storehouse for agricultural products is in Shido. The area is known for its pompelmons (a variety of orange), producing about 100,000 pounds a year with a value of ¥25,000. c. Taihi-sho.

Population 1935: 14,219, of whom 43 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Taihi.

Post office at Tonan in Tonan-sho.
Police station; at Taihi.

Schools: a primary school for Formosan-Chinese at Taihi.

Transportation: Tonan is on the government railroad, 52.9 miles north of Tainan City. A private railroad of the Japan Sugar Co. runs northwest to Kobi where it joins the private railroad running from Hokko to Seira. The distance to Kobi is 4.4 miles, second class fare, 27 sens, third-class fare, 18 sen. The distance to Seira is 14.4 miles, the third-class fares being respectively, 58 sen and 70 sen.

The government highway and a number of secondary roads run through Tonan.

Business firms: small-scale manufacturing of tile, soya sauce, and noodles; fish-cultivation is sufficient for local needs.

e. Toroku-gai,

Population 1935: 38,088, of whom 1,214 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Toroku.

Post office: at Toroku.

Police stations: at Koshibai, Nairin, Rinnai, and Sekryuhan.

Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Toroku, one at Nairin, Rinnai, and some other place in the gai. A primary school and a primary and higher primary school are in the gai, as is the Toroku Girls' Domestic School.

Doctors, 1939: 11 Formosan-Chinese doctors at Toroku. 2 at Rinnai; 2 Japanese doctors at Toroku, 1 at Dairon, 1 at Rinnai.

Government agencies: sub-branch court; Monopoly Bureau office.

Gai production: in 1936, agricultural products were valued at ¥2,000,000. Lumber, bamboo, and charcoal produced in eastern part of the gai.

Transportation: Toroku is on the government railroad, 57.6 miles north of the Tainan station. A private railroad runs to Kantoseki via Tairon; distance 6.7 miles; fare, 31 sen for third-class, 46 sen for second-class. A pushear line runs west to Hoshin via Shido and Seira; 4.6 miles to Shido, 8.7 miles to Seira, 10.2 miles to Hoshin. Toroku is on the paved government highway running north-south. A second highway runs south to Koume. Automobile transportation to Seira, 9.6 miles, cost 45 sen : to Kobi, 10.7 miles, 35 sen; and to Kantoseki, 7.8 miles, 25

sen.

Rickshaws were available.

Business firms: Toroku Consolidated Transportation

Co. (Toroku Godo Unso K. K.), Toroku; founded, 1939; capital, ¥100,000.

Tonan Industrial Co. (Tonan Sangyo K. K.), Toroku ; business, oils, coffee; founded, 1939.

Toroku:

Senho Commercial Co. (Senho Shoko K. K.), business, flour; founded, 1938: capital, ¥100,000. Japan Sugar Co. mill at Tairon, 2.4 miles southeast of Toroku.

Yamato Takushoku Co. sugar mill.

Branch of the Shoka bank.

Pineapple cannery.

Ice-manufacturing plant.

Toroku Hotel, rates ¥1.50 to ¥2.50.

Special features: Toroku has a water system the source

of which is an underground stream. The water is pumped to a conduit well, and then proceeds by natural flow. Toroku is a distributing center, ranking after Kagi in the province.

1. Distinctive features of Toseki-gun. Toseki-gun had a population in 1935 of 151,996, of whom 1,648 were Japanese; and in 1940 of 160,209, of whom 1,751 were Japanese. Bokushi is the administrative seat of the gun and the largest town, having a population of about 10,000. The next largest town is Hotei, with a population a little over 5,000.

The Hokko River borders the gun on the north, the Hassho River on the south, and the sea on the west. The coast is sandy, the water is shallow, and many sandbars are just off the coast. The low shore and the sand blown by the wind at times make it difficult for mariners to see the land when offshore five miles. Salt is produced along the coast at Hotei. Fish-cultivation is more important than fishing. Toseki and Hotei are harbors of small importance.

The provincial highway traverses the gun northsouth, and a highway paralleled by a private sugar company railroad traverses the gun east-west.

2. The gai and sho. a. Bokushi-gai.

Population 1935: 23,825, of whom 446 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Bokushi.

Post office: at Bokushi.

Police stations: at Sokeiko and Taikoro.

Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese and a primary and higher primary school for Japanese at Bokushi; the Toseki Agricultural School and the Toseki Girls School.

Doctors, 1939: 13 Formosan-Chinese doctors at Bokushi, and one Japanese doctor; another Formosan-Chinese doctor elsewhere.

Transportation: a sugar company railroad runs from Kagi on the east through Bokushi to Toseki on the coast. Bokushi is on the north-south provincial highway and on a highway from Kagi to Toseki 15 miles from Kagi. service is good.

But

Business firms: A branch of the Shoka Bank. Toseki Automobile Co. (Toseki Jidosha K. K.); founded 1932; capitalization, ¥100,000.

Tokusho Trading Co. (Tokusho Soko K. K.); founded, 1936; capitalization, ¥100,000; transportation and com

merce.

Taigyo Wine Co. (Taigyo Seishu K. K.); brewery founded in 1912 with a capitalization of ¥100,000.

Special features: Bokushi has a 100-foot water tower 20 feet in diameter at the base, which is a good landmark from the sea.

The Bokushi River flows west through the town. A lake called Nihosho is in the gai.

The Haitengu shrine is well-known.

Bokushi is the administrative seat of Toseki-gun. b. Rokkyaku-sho.

Population 1935: 27,256, of whom 475 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Rokkyaku; one report states at Santo, where 411 of the Japanese lived.

Post office: at Bokushi in Bokushi-gai.

Police stations: at Chikushikyaku, Kobiryo, Rokkyaku, Santo, and Wannai,

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Rokkyaku, Rokutobi, and at one other place; the Jito Primary School for Japanese at Santo.

Doctors, 1939: a Formosan-Chinese doctor at Kobiryo, one at Wannai, and two at Santo, where there also was a Japanese doctor.

Transportation: Santo is on the north-south provincial highway between Hokko and Bokushi.

There also are a few poor roads in the sho.

Sho production: irrigation is poor so there is little paddy field rice. In order of importance, the crops are sugar-cane, sweet potatoes, dry field rice, paddy field rice, and peanuts.

The Meiji Sugar Co. has a mill and an alcohol plant in Rokkyaku-sho. The daily cane crushing capacity was 2,200 short tons.

c. Gichiku-sho.

Population 1935: 25,157, of whom 158 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Gichiku.

Post office at Ensui across the line in Shinei-gun. Police stations: at Gichiku, Gyutowan, Hokkoshi, and Togoryo.

Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Gichiku, Gyutowan, Karoshi, and one other place. Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Gyutowan, and one each at Gichiku, Karoshi, and at some other place.

Transportation: a sugar company railroad runs from Shinei northwest through Ensui and Gichiku to Hotei on the coast. Gichiku is near the provincial north-south highway which runs from Seira to Tainan City.

Area: the sho is 2.8 miles east-west, and 5.1 miles northsouth, with an area of 33.7 square miles.

Sho production: there are 13,200 acres of cultivated fields, of which 4,080 acres were in sugarcane in 1936. Fish culture is prosperous in the western part of the sho, the value of the production amounting to ¥21,000 from 80 projects.

Special features: Presbyterian schools at Gyutowan and Togoryo.

Eleven shrines, probably of little consequence. The Gichiku and Gyutowan Credit Cooperatives. d. Hotei-sho.

Population 1935: 25,092, of whom 257 were Japanese. Post office: at Hotei.

Administrative seat: Hotel.

Police stations: at Hotei, Kako, and Zentoko. Schools: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Kako and Hotel, where there is primary school for Japanese. Doctors, 1939: Two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Hotel, one each at Kako, Shinen and Zentoko.

The harbor: Hotei harbor is 4.8 miles south of Toseki. A channel with less than a foot of water at low tide runs a short distance to the town. Heavy seas rise during the strong monsoon winds, and even the bamboo rafts (teppai) can approach only with difficulty. Long sand bars are on both sides of the harbor mouth. Drinking water is diffi cult to obtain. A typhoon warning signal mast is at Hotei.

Transportation: a sugar company railroad runs east and south to Shinei and is paralleled by a good road upon which buses can operate.

Government agencies: a submarine cable runs from Hotei to the Pescadores. A Monopoly Bureau office and a customs inspection station are at Hotei.

Special features: During the Japanese occupation in 1895, Prince Fushimi, Commander of the Mixed Brigade of the Southern Army, landed at Hotei. A monument commemorating the event is in the confines of the Customs

Office.

The Kotobuki Island swimming beach extends for 2 miles into the sea.

Hotei is a salt-producing center.

e. Rokuso-sho.

Population 1935: 14,485, of whom 112 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Rokuso.

Post office: at Bokushi in Bokushi-gai.

Police stations: at Katan, Rokuso, and Kotutsu. Schools: three primary schools for Formosan-Chinese, with one at Rokuso and another at Katan.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Rokuso and one at Katan.

Transportation: a secondary road runs from Bokushi southeast to Rokuso, on which buses are reported to operate.

Special feature: irrigation is inadequate in the sho and there are few paddy fields.

f. Taiho-sho.

Population 1935: 12,262, of whom 109 were Japanese. Administrative seat: Taiho.

Post office at Kagi City to the east.

Police stations: at Suiguseki and Taiho. Schools: two primary schools for Formosan-Chinese, one at Taiho.

Doctors, 1939: two Formosan-Chinese doctors at Taiho.
Transportation: a main east-west road from Kaki to
Bokushi traverses the sho a little to the south of Taiho.
g. Toseki-sho.

Population 1935: 23,919, of whom 91 were Japanese.
Administrative seat: Toseki.

Post office: one at Toseki and one at Chotoseki.
Police stations: at Onshi, Shimoshushiryo, Tonshito, and
Toseki.

School: primary schools for Formosan-Chinese at Koken, Toseki, and at one other place.

Doctors, 1939: a Formosan-Chinese doctor at Koken and one elsewhere.

The harbor: Toseki is on the coast at the mouth of the Bokushi River. Chinese junks of five-foot draft can enter the river mouth. The channel is between two sand banks on the sides of the harbor mouth. A 1,200 foot quay was built from the east end of the town in 1873. The anchorage is a long slender area in front of the quay where thirty ships of 30 tons each can anchor. Exports from the port are said to be salt, glass jars, animal bones, and honey. A typhoon warning signal staff and a customs inspectorate are at Toseki.

Transportation: Toseki is the terminus of the Meiji Sugar Co. railroad which runs east through Bokushi to Kagi. A good road parallels the highway.